Court opinions, party briefs and complaints, measured against the authorities and records they rely on. Each analysis checks every quotation and citation against its source, sets out which findings and allegations hold up and which do not, and says where the document is on solid ground. It is a measurement of the reasoning, not a summary and not a brief against it.
Every analysis is PlainSite’s opinion, written with the help of AI, about a public court filing. Scores, grades and verdicts are PlainSite’s assessment under its scoring method, not findings by any court, bar or disciplinary authority, and not legal advice. Each finding cites the page it rests on.
July 13, 2023 ORDER: granting in part and denying in part [621] Motion for Summary Judgment. For the foregoing reasons, the SEC's motion for summary judgment is GRANTED as to the Institutional…
This is Judge Analisa Torres's July 13, 2023 summary judgment order in SEC v. Ripple Labs, Inc., No. 20 Civ. 10832 (S.D.N.Y.), reported at 682 F. Supp. 3d 308. The SEC claimed that Ripple and two of its leaders, Bradley Garlinghouse and Christian Larsen, sold the digital token XRP as an unregistered security. The order decided cross-motions for summary judgment. Summary judgment is a ruling without a trial, allowed only where no genuine factual dispute remains.
Flawed Reasoning1 serious4 moderate1 minor17 min read
February 3, 2015 Order Granting In Part And Denying In Part Defendant's Motion For Protective Order Precluding Depositions And For An Order Quashing Subpoena
This is a February 3, 2015 discovery order in Pao v. Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers LLC, No. CGC-12-520719 (S.F. Super. Ct.), two weeks before trial. It decides Kleiner Perkins's motion for a protective order, an order limiting or blocking discovery, against three requests by Ellen Pao:
March 24, 2015 Judge Kahns Ruling Regarding Financial Motive Evidence And Exhibits A And B (transaction Id # 56962542) Filed By Defendant Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Llc
This is Judge Harold E. Kahn's March 11, 2015 ruling, sent by email in the middle of trial in Pao v. Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers LLC, No. CGC-12-520719 (S.F. Super. Ct.). It refuses to let Kleiner Perkins cross-examine Ellen Pao about her finances and her husband's to show a financial motive for her complaint and her lawsuit. Her husband is Alphonse "Buddy" Fletcher, whose hedge fund had gone into bankruptcy.
March 24, 2015 Judge Kahns Rulings On Exhibit 1380, Kpcbs Unclean Hands Defense, Kpcb Motion For Nonsuit Regarding Punitive Damages And Deferral Of Ruling On Kpcbs Motion For Nonsuit Regarding…
This is Judge Harold E. Kahn's March 21, 2015 set of rulings in Pao v. Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers LLC, No. CGC-12-520719 (S.F. Super. Ct.), issued during trial. Ellen Pao sued the venture capital firm under California's Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA). She claimed it denied her promotion and fired her because of her gender, and in retaliation for her complaints and her lawsuit.
August 9, 2022 ORDER denying [1258] Motion to Intervene; terminating [1258] Motion to Unseal. TGP's motion to intervene (dkt. no. 1258) is, therefore, denied. The Clerk of the Court shall mark…
This is Judge Loretta A. Preska's August 9, 2022 order in Giuffre v. Maxwell, No. 15 Civ. 7433 (LAP) (S.D.N.Y.) (ECF 1266, 4 pages). It denies a motion by TGP Communications, LLC, which publishes The Gateway Pundit, to intervene in the case. TGP wanted to join so it could ask the court to unseal "any and all documents that identify the men who abused the girls trafficked by Jeffrey Epstein and Defendant Maxwell" (ECF 1258).
April 1, 2022 ORDER GRANTING AND DENYING IN PART MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT. Signed by Judge Edward M. Chen on 4/1/22. (hdj, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 4/1/2022)Any non-CM/ECF Participants have…
This is Judge Edward M. Chen's April 1, 2022 order in In re Tesla, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 3:18-cv-04865-EMC (N.D. Cal.) (ECF 387, 33 pages). It decides lead plaintiff Glen Littleton's motion for partial summary judgment against Tesla and Elon Musk over Musk's August 7, 2018 tweets about taking Tesla private. Summary judgment is a ruling, before trial, that the evidence on a point is so one-sided that no jury is needed. When the party asking for it is the one who must prove the point at trial, as Littleton ...
Flawed Reasoning2 serious1 moderate4 minor17 min read
September 27, 2024 ORDER: Because Defendants have waived their qualified privilege, Plaintiff's [83] Motion to Compel is GRANTED. Irrespective of waiver, Plaintiff overcomes the qualified First…
This is ECF No. 98 in X Corp. v. Media Matters for America, No. 4:23-cv-01175-O (N.D. Tex.), a 22-page order signed by Judge Reed O'Connor on September 27, 2024. X sued Media Matters, its reporter Eric Hananoki and its president Angelo Carusone under Texas law. X claimed interference with contract, business disparagement and interference with prospective business. The claims arise from Media Matters' November 2023 articles showing big-brand ads next to extremist posts on X.
Free to readWrong Outcome1 fatal6 serious2 moderate1 minor16 min read
Argument Ignored (fatal): The order never applied Rule 26(b)(1) proportionality to Media Matters' fully briefed objection, calling it abandoned or folding it into First Amendment balancing, and compelled Request 17 (every donor's identity, residence and amount, no time limit) in full; the Fifth Circuit stayed the order on exactly this ground.
Record Misread (serious): The order relies on 'the protective order already in place' and 'enforced by a court order' to answer harm and tailoring, but the same judge had refused to enter the parties' stipulated protective order (ECF No. 72); only a private agreement existed.
Authority Misrepresented (serious): The order cites Bonta, 594 U.S. at 616, for confidentiality assurances that 'may reduce the burden of disclosure,' dropping Bonta's next words 'they do not eliminate it,' ignoring its holding that disclosure chills without public release, and adding a court-order condition Bonta does not contain.
Authority Misrepresented (serious): The order uses NAACP's phrase 'application of state power' to suggest a court refereeing discovery is not state action, omitting NAACP's preceding sentence that it 'is not of moment that the State has here acted solely through its judicial branch,' then uses the weaker state action to discount Media Matters' interests.
January 29, 2026 COMPLAINT against Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury. Filing fees $ 405.00 receipt number AFLSDC-19169654, filed by DONALD J TRUMP, THE TRUMP ORGANIZATION…
On January 29, 2026, President Donald J. Trump, his sons Donald J. Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, and The Trump Organization, LLC, the family's real estate and hotel business, sued the Internal Revenue Service and its parent department, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, in the Southern District of Florida. The complaint says the agencies failed to stop Charles Littlejohn, a consultant working on IRS contracts for the firm Booz Allen Hamilton, from taking their tax returns and giving them to The New York Times and Pro...
Sanctionable1 fatal11 serious2 moderate1 minor19 min read
December 18, 2024 MEMORANDUM ORDER permitting Plaintiffs to conduct discovery on personal jurisdiction and standing; denying without prejudice [70] Motion to Dismiss; denying without prejudice…
This is a 12-page memorandum order signed by Judge Terry A. Doughty of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana on December 18, 2024 (ECF 131). It decides, for the time being, two motions to dismiss in a putative class action brought by Jill Hines and Jim Hoft. Hines lives in Ruston, Louisiana, and co-directs Health Freedom Louisiana, a group that campaigned against COVID-19 mask and vaccine mandates. Hoft lives in St. Louis, Missouri, and runs the news website The Gateway Pundit and its social...
Flawed Reasoning4 serious4 moderate2 minor22 min read
January 13, 2025 SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT against WP Company LLC with Jury Demand. Filed by Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. (French, Stephen) Modified text on 1/14/2025 (BD).
Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. (TMTG), the Sarasota company that runs Donald Trump's social network Truth Social, filed this Second Amended Complaint on January 13, 2025, in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division, before Judge Thomas P. Barber. The defendant is WP Company LLC, the publisher of The Washington Post, owned through Nash Holdings LLC by Jeff Bezos. TMTG first sued in Sarasota County circuit court on May 20, 2023; the Post removed the case. Since TMTG's ...
February 18, 2021 FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT amending [4] Complaint against Bradley Garlinghouse, Christian A. Larsen, Ripple Labs Inc. with JURY DEMAND.Document filed by Securities and Exchange…
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the federal agency that enforces the securities laws, filed this First Amended Complaint on February 18, 2021, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. It replaced the original complaint of December 22, 2020 (ECF No. 4). The defendants are Ripple Labs, Inc., a San Francisco payments-technology company that created and holds most of the digital token XRP; Bradley Garlinghouse, Ripple's chief executive since January 2017; and Christian A. Larsen, R...
December 13, 2024 ORDER. Defendant's Renewed Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 74) is GRANTED, and FGA's Renewed Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 75) is DENIED. The Clerk of Court is…
This is the final summary-judgment order in a Freedom of Information Act case in the Middle District of Florida, signed by District Judge John L. Badalamenti on December 13, 2024. The plaintiff is the Foundation for Government Accountability (FGA), a Naples, Florida policy group that describes itself as a non-partisan nonprofit working on welfare, work, health care and "election integrity" policy (Doc. 67 at 3). In July 2021 it asked the Department of Justice for records about Executive Order 14019, President Biden...
Flawed Reasoning1 serious4 moderate3 minor15 min read
February 7, 2024 MEMORANDUM OPINION ON DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR A MISTRIAL OR OTHER RELIEF: Mr. Trump's oral motion and his letter motion (Dkt 271) were denied as lacking any merit. SO ORDERED.…
This is a 30-page memorandum opinion by Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, filed February 7, 2024, in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 (ECF 284). It explains why the court refused Donald Trump's requests for a mistrial and other relief during the January 2024 damages trial on E. Jean Carroll's 2019 defamation claim.
April 25, 2024 MEMORANDUM OPINION re: [309] MOTION for Judgment as a Matter of Law . filed by Donald J. Trump, [311] MOTION for New Trial . filed by Donald J. Trump. Accordingly, Mr. Trump's…
This is an 18-page memorandum opinion by Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, filed April 25, 2024, in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 (ECF 338). It is reported as Carroll v. Trump, 731 F. Supp. 3d 626 (S.D.N.Y. 2024). It denies Donald Trump's two post-trial motions after the January 26, 2024 verdict for E. Jean Carroll on her claim that his June 21 and 22, 2019 White House statements defamed her.
Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York signed this 7-page order in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 ("Carroll I"). It is the corrected version of his December 29, 2023 order (ECF 244), re-issued on January 4, 2024 as ECF 249. Comparing the two texts word by word shows that the correction changed only typing slips. The reasoning, the citations and the result are the same. This analysis grades the corrected text, which is the version that governs.
August 18, 2023 MEMORANDUM OPINION DENYING DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO STAY re: [185] MOTION to Stay Pending Appeal, filed by Donald J. Trump. For the foregoing reasons, Mr. Trump's motion for a stay…
This is a 17-page memorandum opinion by Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, filed August 18, 2023, in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 ("Carroll I"). It is reported as Carroll v. Trump, 2023 WL 5312894 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 18, 2023). It decides Donald Trump's motion to stay the whole case while he appealed (ECF 185, 186). The appeal was from the July 5, 2023 ruling (ECF 173) that he had waived presidential immunity by not raising it in his answer, and that he could n...
Flawed Reasoning1 serious1 moderate1 minor12 min read
September 6, 2023 MEMORANDUM OPINION re: [193] MOTION FOR ENTRY OF AN ORDER LIMITING THE ISSUES TO BE LITIGATED ON THE GROUNDS OF COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL . filed by Donald J. Trump, [189] MOTION for…
This is a 25-page memorandum opinion by Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, filed September 6, 2023, in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 ("Carroll I"). It is reported as Carroll v. Trump, 690 F. Supp. 3d 396 (S.D.N.Y. 2023). It decides two motions filed on August 2, 2023: E. Jean Carroll's motion for partial summary judgment (ECF 189) and Donald Trump's motion to limit the issues for trial (ECF 193).
November 16, 2023 MEMORANDUM OPINION re: [221] LETTER MOTION for Discovery to Substitute a New Rebuttal Expert addressed to Judge Lewis A. Kaplan from Michael T. Madaio dated November 2, 2023…
This is a 16-page memorandum opinion by Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, filed November 16, 2023, in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 ("Carroll I"). It denies Donald Trump's November 2, 2023 letter motion (ECF 221) for leave to "substitute a new rebuttal expert" on damages. The denial carries one exception. If Professor Ashlee Humphreys's supplemental report turned out to use new methods or analysis, Mr. Trump could renew his request, limited to rebutting th...
This is a 7-page order by Judge Lewis A. Kaplan of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, filed December 29, 2023, in Carroll v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-07311 ("Carroll I"). It denies Donald Trump's letter motion of December 13, 2023 (ECF 237). That motion asked the court to bar E. Jean Carroll's damages expert, Professor Ashlee Humphreys, from testifying. In the alternative, it asked leave to call a new rebuttal expert, Charles Malkus, whose report was attached.
May 23, 2008 MEMORANDUM AND ORDER by Judge Marilyn Hall Patel granting [20] Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award; denying [1] Motion to Vacate (awb, COURT-STAFF) (Filed on 5/23/2008)
This is a 16-page Memorandum and Order by Judge Marilyn Hall Patel of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, signed May 22, 2008 and filed May 23, 2008 as ECF 42 in LaPine v. Kyocera Corporation, No. 3:07-cv-06132-MHP. It is reported as 2008 WL 2168914.
Flawed Reasoning1 serious3 moderate2 minor15 min read
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Ends with an assessment divided by claim, separating flawed reasoning from a wrong result, and saying what cannot be established.
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