Court CasesDockets from the federal courts, the state courts and the agencies, with every filing PlainSite has been able to collect. Start with what people are reading this month, watch filings arrive, or browse by state, type, year or reporter. 20,326,509 Cases on record 546,498 Filed in the past 12 months Courts 18,076 Views of the top 100 this month Plain English translations Recent Court Filings Loading Map...
United States of America
Washington D.C. | Guam | Northern Marinara Islands | Puerto Rico | U.S. Virgin Islands The hundred cases PlainSite readers opened most in the past 30 days. 2
Nigerian President-Elect Bola Ahmed Tinubu was named as the owner of several bank accounts that were used to launder money for a heroin distribution network in Chicago, IL in the early 1990s. The members of the heroin ring were criminally charged in a separate case, Northern District of Illinois Case No. 2:92-cr-00113-RL. For unknown reasons, Tinubu was not. Instead, the U.S. Government seized the contents of the bank accounts based on several different seizure warrants across three different dockets, of which this is one. The other two, from 1992, are in the Southern District of New York and a separate docket in the Northern District of Illinois—both with unknown case numbers since the documents pre-date the federal court's PACER system by so many years. In total, about $2.4 million USD was seized from Tinubu's global bank accounts pursuant to these seizure warrants. While working for Mobil Oil Company in Nigeria, Tinubu used a variety of shell companies to move the money around, including Compass Finance & Investment Co., incorporated in Washington, D.C. Though he was not charged, Tinubu committed at least five federal crimes, according to the IRS Special Agent's affidavit in this case: 1) Money laundering (18 U.S.C. § 1956); 2) Using funds from unlawful activity (18 U.S.C. § 1957); 3) Bank fraud (18 U.S.C. § 1344);
4) Failure to file tax returns (26 U.S.C. § 7203); and 5) Lying to federal agents (18 U.S.C. § 1001). Tinubu was elected to be the next President of Nigeria in February 2023.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
5
This is a general administrative docket used by the New Jersey District Court to post new complaints. It's not actually a real lawsuit.
6
Based on the fact that a 1993 civil forfeiture lawsuit became one of the most popular dockets on PlainSite, PlainSite founder Aaron Greenspan sued six United States government agencies over their denial of FOIA requests and subsequent administrative appeals about Nigerian President Bold Tinubu, newly elected as of May 2023 in a highly controversial election.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
7
11
This case was brought before the court because Justin R. Dhooghe found out about an affair between his then fiance Laura V. Rivera and Charles W. Dithrich and wanted information. Charles W. Dithrich wanted to settle out of court for a list of demands including the deletion of all information and pictures Justin R. Dhooghe had in his possession of the affair along with the sum of five thousand dollars in exchange for a non-CLETs restraining order, one that was not on his permanent record. Justin R. Dhooghe eventually refused and the case was brought before the judge and ultimately was dismissed due to insufficient grounds. No restraining order is in effect.
12
The heart of my case is that Tesla, Inc. illegally terminated me in
violation of the FEHA and well-established public policy.
More specifically, Tesla illegally fired me for the following reasons:
1) I have a disability (ASD and hypertension that required
emergency care).
2) I requested accommodations and unilaterally attempted to engage
in a good faith interactive process and was denied.
3) I am an older person. I was almost 62 years old when I was
illegally fired. I was replaced immediately (3-days-later) by a
software engineer who was approximately half my age.
Coworkers made comments about my age and indicated that I
was an “old man.”
4) I complained that Rollins and my co-workers were engaging in
sexual harassment and offensive communications referring to
their penis sizes on Tesla’s communications network. Also,
sexual videos of women twerking were placed in the team’s chat
that displayed women’s breasts. Reporting was required by
Tesla’s own Sexual Harassment and Bullying Training Program.
5) I was forced to open a workers’ compensation case for injuries I
sustained as a result of work. I was awarded $45,000 for this
claim.
6) Moreover, I was fired because I engaged in whistleblowing
regarding sexual harassment, sabotage, and other security issues.
Whistleblowing is a protected activity.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
17
Amanda Patricia Bossingham, also known as "Amy," the proprietor of Amy's Baking Company in Scottsdale, AZ, featured on the popular Fox television show "Kitchen Nightmares," was convicted of bank fraud in 2008 after she falsified a Social Security number on an application for a five-figure bank loan.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
20
Aaron Greenspan, creator of the 2003 predecessor to The Facebook at Harvard University, sued popular author Benjamin Mezrich, his publisher Random House, and Columbia Pictures for copyright infringement, defamation and false advertising due to the statements made by Mezrich in and about his book "The Accidental Billionaires." Mezrich's book, which cites Greenspan's as a source, has been marketed as supposed non-fiction, even though the story is full of inconsistencies and outright falsifications, many of which Mezrich admits to. Mezrich notably omitted Greenspan's role in the creation of the web site, and helped to prop up Mark Zuckerberg as a "genius" in his book, leading to the eventual motion picture "The Social Network," and contributing to the frenzy surrounding Facebook's problematic IPO.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
25
Pop star Taylor Swift's early manager Daniel Dymtrow sued the Swift family after his services were terminated just before a meeting with Sony ATV that he alleges he helped to arrange, cutting him out of payments. He also sued Swift's new record label, Big Machine Records, and its founder, Scott Borchetta.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
26
30
Virginia Giuffre sued Ghislaine Maxwell for defamation after Maxwell alleged that Giuffre's claims about Jeffrey Epstein's sex trafficking ring, which ensnared Giuffre as a minor, were not true. Thousands of pages of documents regarding Epstein and his associates, including former Presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump, have been released in this case as a result of the discovery process.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
32
Current and former servers and bartenders at Darden Restaurants — the parent company of Olive Garden, Red Lobster, LongHorn Steakhouse, Seasons 52, and Bahama Breeze — filed this nationwide collective action in September 2012 in the Southern District of Florida, alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The plaintiffs claimed that Darden illegally required tipped employees to participate in mandatory tip-sharing arrangements and otherwise failed to pay them the federal minimum wage applicable to tipped workers. The proposed class ultimately encompassed more than 216,000 servers and bartenders who worked for Darden brands during the three-year period covered by the claims.
The case generated extensive procedural litigation over conditional certification, the scope of the class list, and discovery. In November 2013, the parties discovered that Darden had inadvertently omitted approximately 1,586 bartenders from the class list — those coded under a "Bartender Tip Share" designation introduced at Olive Garden, Red Lobster, Bahama Breeze, and Seasons 52 when those brands rolled out mandatory tip-share programs around 2011. The parties jointly moved to extend the opt-in period to cover these workers. The case proceeded to mediation before a private mediator in June 2014.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
41
Richard Ramirez — the serial killer known as the "Night Stalker" who terrorized Southern California in 1984 and 1985, murdering at least 13 people and assaulting dozens more — filed this federal habeas corpus petition in December 2007 in the Central District of California, challenging his 1989 state court convictions and death sentence. The petition was filed through the Federal Public Defender's office after Ramirez exhausted his state court appeals. Federal habeas proceedings in capital cases are characteristically lengthy, and Ramirez's case proceeded slowly through the district court over several years while he remained on death row at San Quentin State Prison.
Ramirez had been convicted of 13 counts of murder, five attempted murders, 11 sexual assaults, and 14 burglaries following a highly publicized trial in Los Angeles. The case had been one of the most sensational criminal prosecutions in California history. Ramirez died of natural causes at San Quentin in June 2013 while his federal habeas petition was still pending, rendering the case moot.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
45
Elon Musk has sued OpenAI and its co-founders Sam Altman and Greg Brockman over its tight partnership with Microsoft and its for-profit activities.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
49
60
Federal prosecutors in the District of Rhode Island charged Irvin Vilneus and four co-defendants — Junior Mertile, Tony Mertile, James Legerme, and Allen Bien-Aime — in a series of related criminal cases filed in late 2020. A notice of related case filed in November 2020 formally linked the five proceedings, indicating the defendants were charged in connection with a common scheme or organization. The cases proceeded together before the court, which is common in prosecutions involving multiple members of an alleged criminal enterprise or conspiracy. The related-case structure suggested the defendants were charged with overlapping or coordinated criminal conduct in Rhode Island.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
62
63
64
This lawsuit was the second complaint filed by a woman proceeding under the pseudonym Jane Doe against Donald J. Trump and Jeffrey Epstein in the Southern District of New York, filed in September 2016 — four months after the plaintiff had voluntarily dismissed an earlier action in the same court. The refiled complaint contained substantially similar allegations: that the plaintiff, who was 13 years old in 1994, had been raped and sexually abused by both Trump and Epstein at parties hosted by Epstein at his Manhattan townhouse. The complaint alleged that Epstein lured the plaintiff with promises of money and modeling opportunities and that Trump and Epstein subjected her to multiple assaults over the course of several encounters. Like the earlier filing, it included accounts from an alleged witness proceeding as a second anonymous declarant.
The refiled case attracted even greater media attention because it was filed shortly before the November 2016 presidential election. A press conference at which the plaintiff and her attorney had planned to speak publicly was canceled, with the attorney citing death threats. The plaintiff again voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit in November 2016, citing fear for her safety. No criminal charges were ever brought based on these specific allegations.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
67
Twitter, Inc. filed this lawsuit in July 2022 in the Delaware Court of Chancery after Elon Musk attempted to back out of his agreement to acquire the company for approximately $44 billion — $54.20 per share. Musk had signed a merger agreement in April 2022 and then, less than three months later, purported to terminate the deal, citing what he claimed were material misrepresentations by Twitter about the number of spam and bot accounts on its platform. Twitter sought specific performance — a court order compelling Musk to complete the acquisition at the agreed price — rather than money damages.
Chancellor Kathaleen St. Jude McCormick agreed to expedite the case to an October 2022 trial date, a timeline Musk vigorously resisted. The litigation moved rapidly through discovery, during which Musk sought extensive information about Twitter's bot-counting methodology and Twitter sought sanctions against Musk for alleged discovery misconduct. A whistleblower complaint from a former Twitter security executive, Peiter Zatko, injected additional complexity into the proceedings by raising questions about Twitter's internal security practices.
With trial imminent and the litigation going poorly for Musk, he reversed course in October 2022 and agreed to proceed with the original deal on its original terms. The parties jointly sought a stay of the litigation, and the case was voluntarily dismissed after the acquisition closed. Musk took Twitter private, subsequently rebranding the company and its platform as X. Several related proceedings, including a petition by PlainSite founder Aaron Greenspan seeking public access to sealed court materials, were also part of the docket.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
70
74
More than 80 individual plaintiffs — residents and property owners in communities surrounding SpaceX's Starbase launch facility in Cameron County, Texas — filed a class action complaint in the Southern District of Texas (Brownsville Division) on April 30, 2026, against Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX). Judge Rolando Olvera is assigned. The plaintiffs allege that SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy rocket operations at Starbase generate extraordinary acoustic energy — including noise, vibrations, and sonic booms — that has repeatedly and severely damaged their homes and properties.
The complaint describes eleven fully integrated Starship/Super Heavy test flights between April 2023 and October 2025, plus six earlier non-full-stack test flights and multiple static engine tests, each generating over 16 million pounds of thrust. Plaintiffs allege their homes, located in the surrounding Cameron County communities, have sustained repeated structural damage from the resulting acoustic events, which they describe as unprecedented in power.
The plaintiffs seek jury trial and bring claims for property damage arising from SpaceX's operations. The case was filed on April 30, 2026, with initial procedural orders entered in June 2026.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
75
Claudia Gayle filed this class action in November 2007 in the Eastern District of New York against Harry's Nurses Registry, Inc. and its owner Harry Dorvilier, on behalf of herself and other nurses and home health aides who had been placed by the registry. The plaintiffs alleged that Harry's Nurses Registry had systematically violated the Fair Labor Standards Act and New York Labor Law by failing to pay overtime wages, misclassifying workers, and making unlawful deductions from wages earned by workers providing in-home patient care.
After years of litigation the court entered judgment in favor of the plaintiffs in September 2012, awarding $619,071.76 in damages to the named plaintiffs and class members. A supplemental judgment was entered in October 2013 following further proceedings before Magistrate Judge Marilyn D. Go, whose Report and Recommendation was adopted in full by Judge Nicholas G. Garaufis. Post-judgment proceedings addressing remaining class members' claims and enforcement continued for years afterward, with the most recent docket activity appearing in September 2024, suggesting ongoing collection or distribution efforts nearly seventeen years after the case was filed.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
77
A San Francisco man unfortunate enough to share the name of the 2012 Aurora, Colorado movie theater shooter was senselessly beaten by the San Francisco Police Department in California shortly after the shooting took place in Colorado. He is suing the San Francisco Police Department. The case received notoriety after an another man was similarly beaten and then put into solitary confinement by the San Francisco police, and linked to Holmes's docket in his blog.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
78
86
This consolidated stockholder derivative action, filed in September 2016 in the Delaware Court of Chancery, challenged Tesla Motors' $2.6 billion acquisition of SolarCity Corporation as a conflicted transaction that amounted to a bailout of a struggling company at Tesla shareholders' expense. The central allegation was that Elon Musk, who held a significant stake in both Tesla and SolarCity and whose cousins Lyndon and Peter Rive ran SolarCity, orchestrated the merger to rescue SolarCity from financial distress while using Tesla as the vehicle to do so. Plaintiffs alleged that Musk and the Tesla board members who approved the deal breached their fiduciary duties to Tesla shareholders.
The litigation proceeded through years of discovery and motion practice before proceeding to a ten-day trial before Vice Chancellor Joseph R. Slights III in July 2021. The trial featured extensive testimony and expert analysis on whether SolarCity was financially distressed at the time of the acquisition, whether the deal price was fair, and whether Tesla's board acted independently given Musk's influence over it. Key witnesses included financial experts debating the valuation of SolarCity and the terms of the transaction.
Vice Chancellor Slights issued his post-trial decision in April 2022, ruling that while Musk was a conflicted controlling stockholder, the acquisition was entirely fair to Tesla shareholders and judgment was entered in favor of the defendants. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court in May 2022.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
89
Aaron Greenspan, the founder of PlainSite.org, filed this lawsuit pro se in state court in 2024 against Elon Musk, Tesla Inc., X Corp., Jared Birchall (Musk's personal assistant and corporate representative), Omar Qazi (a Tesla promoter who ran the SMICK Enterprises social media account), and several of Musk's attorneys including Alex Spiro of Quinn Emanuel and Adam Cashman and Allison Huebert of Singer Cashman LLP. The case was removed to the Northern District of California and assigned to Judge Maxine Chesney. Greenspan alleged that Musk and his associates engaged in a coordinated harassment and defamation campaign against him, including directing Qazi to make false statements about Greenspan on social media.
Quinn Emanuel represented Tesla, Excession LLC, and Musk's revocable trust. Qazi appeared pro se. The district court ruled against Greenspan, and he filed a notice of appeal to the Ninth Circuit in March 2026 from Covina, California. Qazi filed an opposition to Greenspan's motion for extension of time in February 2026.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
93
Stating that he was "out for blood," Elon Musk filed a frivolous lawsuit against PlainSite owner Aaron Greenspan and his company, Think Computer Corporation, which runs PlainSite. Though it was filed in February 2023, it was not served until April. On May 1, Musk dismissed the lawsuit voluntarily. Two days later, Greenspan filed a cross-complaint (known as a counter-suit in other states) against Musk, his attorneys, Tesla, Inc., and Omar Qazi, alleging that Musk and his associates had attempted to use the courts to libel him in a malicious prosecution. Even though Musk and his attorneys were on notice of the lawsuit—they filed it—and corresponded by e-mail about it, they refused to respond to the cross-complaint. The case is ongoing.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
95
Tesla shareholder Richard Tornetta filed this derivative lawsuit in June 2018 in the Delaware Court of Chancery challenging the massive compensation package granted to Elon Musk by the Tesla board in January 2018. The plan consisted of 12 tranches of stock options — each representing 1% of Tesla's outstanding shares — that vested upon the achievement of paired market capitalization and operational milestones over a ten-year period. Tesla itself disclosed that the plan's estimated fair value was .6 billion, and analysts projected it could eventually be worth over billion if the company continued to grow. Tornetta alleged that Musk, as Tesla's controlling stockholder and chairman, had improperly influenced the compensation committee and the full board, and that the package was not the product of a fair, arm's-length process.
In January 2024, Chancellor Kathaleen McCormick issued a landmark decision voiding the compensation package in its entirety. The court found that Musk was a controlling stockholder at the time the plan was approved, that the process by which it was negotiated and approved was deeply flawed and conflicted, and that the defendants had failed to demonstrate that the plan was entirely fair to Tesla shareholders. The decision drew international attention for its size and its implications for corporate governance of founder-controlled companies.
Following the ruling, Tesla's board put the compensation package to a shareholder ratification vote in June 2024, which passed with majority support. Proceedings continued in the Court of Chancery through late 2024 as the court considered whether the post-litigation shareholder vote could cure the defects identified in the January 2024 ruling.
AI Case summary available. Subscribe to PlainSite Pro to read it.
The nature-of-suit codes the federal courts assign when a case is filed. Choose one for every case PlainSite has under it. Federal district courts
100Contract
102Contract
104Contract
110Contract - Insurance
111 Miscellaneous
112Contract - Sale (CDA)
114Contract - Service (CDA)
116Contract - Supply (CDA)
118Contract - Other (CDA)
120Contract: Marine
122Contract - Bid Preparation Costs
128Contract - Subsidy
130Contract - Surety
134Contract - Other
136Contract - Other - Wunderlich
138Contract - (Pre Award) Injunctions
140Contract - Injunction (Post Award)
150Contract: Recovery of Overpayment & Enforcement of Judgment
151Contract: Medicare Act
152Contract: Defaulted Student Loan
153Contract: Recovery Veteran Ben.
160Contract: Stockholders' Suits
190Contract: Other Contract Actions
195Contract Product Liability
196Contract: Franchise
200Tax - Allowance of Interest
202Tax - Declaratory Judgment 28:1507
204Tax - Estate
206Tax - Excise
208Tax - Gift
210Real Property: Land Condemnation
212Tax - Income Individual
214Tax - Informer's Fees
220Foreclosure (Diversity)
224Tax -100% Penalty-26:6672- Withhold.
226Tax - Other
230Real Property: Rent Lease & Ejectment
240Real Property: Torts to Land
245Real Property: Tort Product Liability
290Real Property: Other
300Civilian Pay - Back Pay
302Civilian Pay - COLA
304Civilian Pay - FLSA
306Civilian Pay - Overtime Compensation
310Personal Injury: Airplane
312Civilian Pay - Other
315Personal Injury: Airplane Product Liability
320Personal Injury: Assault Libel & Slander
330Personal Injury: Federal Employer's Liability
340Personal Injury: Marine
344Military Pay - Correct Records
345Marine Product Liability
346Military Pay - Correct/Reinstate
348Military Pay - Reinstatement
350Motor Vehicle Personal Injury
352Military Pay - Retirement
354Military Pay - SBP
355Personal Injury: Motor Vehicle Product Liability
356Military Pay - Other
360Personal Injury: Other
362Personal Injury: Medical Malpractice
365Personal Injury: Product Liability
367Health Care/Pharmaceutical Personal Injury Product Liability
368Personal Injury: Asbestos Personal Injury Product Liability
370Fraud or Truth-In-Lending
371Personal Property: Truth in Lending
375Other Statutes: False Claims Act
376Qui Tam (31 U.S.C. § 3729(a))
380Personal Property: Other Personal Property Damage
385Personal Property: Property Damage Product Liability
400State Reapportionment
410Anti-Trust
422Bankruptcy Appeals, Rule 28 U.S.C. § 158
423Bankruptcy Withdrawal, Rule 28 U.S.C. § 157
424(Obj/Revocation Discharge 727
430Banks and Banking
434Injunctive Relief
435Validity/Priority/Extent Lien
440Civil Rights: Other
441Civil Rights: Voting
442Civil Rights: Employment
443Civil Rights: Housing/Accommodations
444Civil Rights: Welfare
445Civil Rights: Americans with Disabilities - Employment
446Civil Rights: Americans with Disabilities Act - Other
448Civil Rights: Education
450Commerce ICC Rates Etc.
454Recover Money/Property
455Revoke Plan Confirmation
456Declaratory Judgment
457Subordinate Claim/Interest
458Injury - DTP/DPT
460Deportation
462Naturalization Application
463Habeas Corpus - Alien Detainees
464Injury - Polio inactive
465Immigration: Other Immigration Actions
467Injury - Tetanus & Diptheria
469Injury - Other
470Civil (RICO) Racketeer/Corrupt Organization
472Death - DTP/DPT
480Consumer Credit
483Death - Other
484Injury - Hepatitis B
485Injury - Hemophilus influenzae
486Injury - Varicella
490Cable/Satellite TV
492Injury - Thimerosal
494Injury - Influenza
496Injury - Meningococcal
498Other Action
499Death - Human Papillomavirus
500Common Carrier - Transportation
502Copyright
504Native American
508Patent
510Taking - Personalty
511Taking - FIRREA
512Taking - Realty
513Taking - Rails to Trails
514Taking - Other
515Unjust Conviction and Imprisonment
516Miscellaneous - Damages
528Miscellaneous - Other
530Prisoner: Habeas Corpus
535Death Penalty - Habeas Corpus
536Spent Nuclear Fuel
540Prisoner Petitions: Mandamus and Other
550Prisoner Petitions: Civil Rights
555Civil Rights (Prison Condition)
560Prisoner Petitions: Civil Detainee: Conditions of Confinement
610Forfeit/Penalty: Agriculture
620Forfeit/Penalty: Food and Drug
625Drug Related Seizure of Property
630Miscellanous
650Forfeit/Penalty: Airline Regs.
660Forfeit/Penalty: Occup. Safety
690Forfeiture/Penalty: Other
710Labor: Fair Labor Standards Act
720Labor: Labor/Management Relations
730Labor: Reporting/Disclosure
740Labor: Railway Labor Act
751Labor: Family and Medical Leave Act
790Labor: Other
791Labor: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
810Selective Service
820Property Rights: Copyright
830Property Rights: Patent
840Property Rights: Trademark
850Other Statutes: Securities/Commodities/Exchange
861Social Security: HIA
862Social Security: Black Lung
863D.I.W.C./D.I.W.W. (US Defendant)
864Social Security: SSID Title XVI
865Social Security: RSI Tax Suits
870Federal Tax Suits: Taxes (US Plaintiff or Defendant)
871Federal Tax Suits: IRS-Third Party
875Taxes: Customer Challenge
890Other Statutes: Other Statutory Actions
891Agriculture Acts
892Economic Stabilization Act
893Environmental Matters
894Energy Allocation Act
895Freedom of Information Act
896Other Statutes: Arbitration
899Other Statutes: Administrative Procedures Act/Review or Appeal of Agency Decision
900Appeal of Fee Determination
908Miscellaneous Case - Other
950Other Statutes: Constitutionality of State Statutes
990Other
999Miscellaneous Cases
Federal appellate courts
1152Contract: Recovery of Student Loan Defaults
1190Contract: Other Contract Action
1220Foreclosure
1240Torts to Land
1290Real Property - Other
1370Other Fraud
1371Truth in Lending
1380Other Personal Property Damage
1410Antitrust
1422Bankruptcy Appeals Rule 28 - USC 158
1440Other Civil Rights
1441Civil Rights: Voting
1442Civil Rights: Jobs
1443Civil Rights: Accommodations
1445Americans with Disabilities Act - Employment
1446Americans w/Disabilities Act - Other
1465Other Immigration Actions
1470Civil (RICO)
1625Forfeiture - Drug Related
1690Forfeiture - Other
1720Labor Laws - Labor/Mgmt Relation
1791Labor Laws - Retirement Act 1974
1850Securities Commodities Exchange
1870Tax Suits
1890Other Statutory Actions
1891Agricultural Acts
1893Environmental Matters
2110Insurance
2151Contract: Medicare Act Overpay
2152Recvry of Defaulted Student Loans
2190Contract: Other Contract Action
2210Condemnation
2220Real Property: Foreclosure
2240Real Property: Torts to Land
2290Real Property: Other
2320Assault Libel and Slander
2330Personal Injury: Federal Employers Liability
2340Marine Personal Injury
2350TORTS INJURY: Motor Vehicle
2360Personal Injury: Other Personal
2362Personal Injury: Medical Malpractice
2370Personal Property: Fraud
2371Truth in Lending
2380Personal Property: Other
2410Antitrust
2422Bankruptcy Appeals Rule 28 USC 158
2423Withdrawal
2430Banks and Banking
2440Civil Rights: Other
2441Civil Rights Voting
2442Civil Rights: Jobs
2443Civil Rights: Accomodations
2445Americans w/Disabilities Act-Empl
2446Americans w/Disabilities Act-Othr
2460Deportation
2462Naturalization Application
2463Habeas Corpus - Alien Detainees
2465Other Immigration Actions
2480Consumer Credit
2510Prisoner Petitions -Vacate Sentence
2530Habeas Corpus (Prisoner Petition)
2535Habeas Corpus: Death Penalty
2540Prisoner Petitions-Mandamus/Other
2550Prisoner - Civil Rights
2555Prison Conditions
2560Civ Detainee - Cond of Confinement
2625Drug Related Seizure of Property
2690Other Forfeiture and Penalty Suits
2710Fair Labor Standards Act
2720Labor/Management Relations
2790Other Labor Litigation
2791Employee Retirement
2830Patent
2850Securities Commodities Exchange
2860Social Security
2861Medicare
2862Social Security: Black Lung
2863DIWC / DIWW (Social Security)
2864SSID Title XVI (Social Security)
2865R.S.I.
2870Taxes (U.S. Plaintiff or Defendant)
2871IRS Third Party Suits (TAX DC)
2890Other Statutory Actions
2891Agricultural Acts
2893Environmental Matters
2895Freedom of Information Act
2899Adminstrative Review Act
2950Constitutionality of State Statutes
2990Other
3110Contract: Insurance
3120Contract: Marine
3130Contract: Miller Act
3140Contract: Negotiable Instrument
3150Overpayments & Enforcement of Judgments
3151Overpayments Under the Medicare Act
3160Contract: Stockholder Suits
3190Contract: Other
3196Franchise
3210Land Condemnation
3220Real Property: Foreclosure
3230Real Property: Rent Lease Ejectment
3240Real Property: Torts to Land
3290Real Property: Other
3310Airplane Personal Injury
3315Airplane Product Liability
3320Assault Libel and Slander
3330Federal Employers Liability
3340Personal Injury: Marine
3350Personal Injury: Motor Vehicle
3355Motor Vehicle Product Liability
3360Personal Injury: Other
3362Personal Injury: Medical Malpractice
3365Personal Injury: Product Liability
3367Torts
3368Personal Injury: Asbestos Prod Lia
3370Personal Property: Fraud
3371TORTS-Truth in Lending
3375Other Statutes: False Claims Act
3380TORTS PERSONAL PROPERTY-Other
3385Property Damage: Product Liability
3400STATUTES-State Reapportionment
3410Antitrust
3422Bankruptcy Appeals Rule 28 USC 158
3423Bankruptcy Withdrawal 28 USC 157
3430STATUTES-Banks & Banking
3440Civil Rights: Other
3441Civil Rights: Voting
3442Civil Rights: Jobs
3443Civil Rights: Accommodations
3444Civil Rights Welfare
3445Americans with Disabilities Act - Employment
3446Americans with Disabilities Act - Other
3448Civil Rights
3450Interstate Commerce
3470Racketeer Influenced & Corrupt Organizations (RICO)
3480Consumer Credit
3490Cable/Satellite TV
3530Prisoner: Habeas Corpus
3535Habeas Corpus - Death Penalty
3540Prisoner Petitions-Mandamus/Other
3550Prisoner: Civil Rights
3555Prisoner Petitions - Prison Condition
3560Prisoner Petitions
3710Labor: Fair Standards
3720Labor/Management Relations Act
3730Labor: Reporting/Disclosure
3740Labor: Railway Labor Act
3750Labor
3751Labor: Family and Medical Leave Act
3790Labor: Other
3791Employee Retirement (ERISA)
3820Property Rights: Copyright
3830Property Rights: Patent
3840Property Rights: Trademark
3850Securities Commodities Exchange
3864SOC SEC-SSID Title XVI
3890Statutes: Other
3891Statutes: Agricultural Acts
3892Economic Stabilization Act
3893Environmental Matters
3895Statutes: FOIA 1974
3896Other Statutes
3899Other Statutes
3950Constitutionality of State Statutes
3990Other
3999Miscellaneous
4110Contract: Insurance
4120Marine Contract Actions
4140Contract: Negotiable Instruments
4150Contract: Overpayment Recovery
4160Contract: Stockholders Suits
4190Contract: Other
4195Contract: Product Liability
4196Franchise
4220Real Property: Foreclosure
4230Rent Lease Ejectment
4240Torts to Land
4245Tort: Personal Liability
4290Real Property: Other
4310Personal Injury: Airplane
4315Airplane Product Liability
4320Personal Injury: Assault Libel & Slander
4340Marine Personal Injury
4345Marine Product Liability
4350Personal Injury: Motor Vehicle
4355Motor Vehicle Product Liability
4360Personal Injury: Other Personal
4362Personal Injury: Medical Malpractice
4365Personal Injury: Product Liability
4367Torts
4368Personal Injury: Asbestos
4370Personal Property: Fraud
4371Truth in Lending
4380Personal Property: Other
4385Property Damage-Product Liability
4440Civil Rights-Other
4442Civil Rights Jobs
4443Civil Rights Accommodations
4470STATUTES-RICO
4480Consumer Credit
4790Other Labor Litigation
4890Other Statuatory Actions
4896Other Statutes
4950Constitutionality of State Statutes
5362Medical Malpractice
5870STATUTES-Tax Suits
9992MISC case matters requiring a judicial signature ie: letters rogatory jdgm dbtr exam
9993MISC case matters not requiring a judicial signature ie: out-of-district ntc of takg depo
Cases by the year they were filed, back to the first federal dockets of the 1790s. 2020s
2010s
2000s
1990s
1980s
1970s
1960s
1950s
1940s
1930s
1920s
1910s
1900s
1890s
1880s
1870s
1860s
1850s
1840s
1830s
1820s
1810s
1800s
1790s
All reporters › ny › Volume 300 Opinions in ny, volume 300
The question for decision in this case is whether an insurance company, which promptly paid the proceeds of a life insurance policy directly to the beneficiary on the death of the insured, is liable to the executor of the latter for that portion of the Federal estate tax attributable to the proceeds of such policy… The complaint herein has been dismissed at Special Term, and, from the unanimous affirmance by the Appellate Division of that dismissal, plaintiff appeals here as of right, asserting the presence in the case of a substantial constitutional question.… These are consolidated actions by twenty-nine schoolmistresses, employees of the Board of Education of the City of New York, against that body, the superintendent of schools and the board of examiners.… This case presents questions as to the scope and meaning of several provisions of the City Home Rule Law.… In these habeas corpus proceedings there was ample evidence to sustain the findings of the trial court, unanimously affirmed by the Appellate Division, that the relator was not fit, competent or able to care for his children and that it would not be to their best interests to be taken by him to Armenia.… Brinkman v. Oil Transfer Corp. Page 48 Plaintiff, then sixteen years old, was, while employed as a seaman on defendant’s tug and tow proceeding through the New York Barge Canal, so seriously injured that his leg had to be amputated a few hours after the accident.… Matter of Molinari v. Quayle Page 55 Petitioner’s husband, Francis J. Molinari, entered the United States Army in June, 1943.… De La Bouillerie v. De Vienne Page 60 This action was brought in the Supreme Court, New York County.… Plaintiff seeks specific performance of the following written agreement of option to lease certain premises of defendant in New York City: “ In consideration of the sum of Two Hundred ($200.00) dollars, paid to the undersigned by 1130 President St. Corp., a New York corporation of 185 Montague Street, Brooklyn, New… People v. Sadness Page 69 On March 18, 1940, the respondent, Eonald James Sadness, was arraigned in Supreme Court, Ulster County, upon an indictment for grand larceny first degree, and pleaded not guilty.… In determining the value for assessment of the railroad’s property within the town of Fallsburgh for the years 1936 through 1942, the trial court properly took into account the fact that the company’s “ net operating income ” had been insufficient to meet fixed expenses during those years (see People ex rel.… Abrams v. Maryland Casualty Co. Page 80 Injured when struck by a truck being operated by its owner, Abraham Cohen, while he was delivering the products of his employer, Linden Farms Milk & Cream Co., Inc., plaintiff recovered judgment against both Cohen and Linden.… General Phoenix Corp. v. Cabot Page 87 Summary judgment was denied plaintiff on its claim under a contract of guaranty because it was thought that questions of fact were present relating to the effect of the guaranty agreement and the sale of collateral pledged thereunder.… People v. Olah Page 96 Treated by the Court of General Sessions of New York County as a second felony offender, the defendant Olah challenges the validity of the sentence imposed upon him.… People v. McCullough Page 107 In this coram nobis proceeding', defendant attacks the sentence imposed upon him pursuant to section 1941 of the Penal Law, upon the ground that he is not a second felony offender.… This case, here by our permission, poses for consideration the method of computing the compensation to be awarded an employee who was injured while working in one of two dissimilar occupations and was, as a result, disabled from performing Ms duties in that employment.… Shepard v. Village of Skaneateles Page 115 An amendment to a zoning ordinance of the Village of Skaneateles converted the área in which plaintiffs’ property was located from mercantile to residential uses.… People v. Singer Page 120 Defendant, convicted of manslaughter in the first degree (Penal Law, § 1050) and abortion (Penal Law, § 80) argues in this court: first, that his guilt was not established beyond a reasonable doubt; second, that there was neither sufficient corroboration of the accomplice testimony nor a proper charge by the court on… Wasservogel v. Meyerowitz Page 125 These are four summary proceedings commenced in the Municipal Court, New York City, in each instance to evict a tenant for alleged nonpayment of rent.… Chamberlain v. Feldman Page 135 In 1876, Samuel L. Clemens, under his pen name of “ Mark Twain ”, wrote a story entitled “ A Murder, A Mystery and A Marriage ”, and in the same year offered the manuscript to William Dean Howells, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, for publication.… F. T. B. Realty Corp. v. Goodman Page 140 In this summary proceeding, the landlord has appealed directly to this court from a decision of the Municipal Court of the City of New York granting to the tenant a final order “ dismissing the Petition without prejudice to Landlord’s right to start a new proceeding after compliance with the Sharkey Law ”.… Matter of Flannery v. Joseph Page 149 Appellants are a group of maintenance men employed under that civil service title to tend buildings owned by the City of New York.… Toscano v. McGoldrick Page 156 In this action at law for unpaid salary, the city has, so far successfully, challenged plaintiff’s right to bring the action on the general ground that the only remedy available for the relief sought is in the nature of mandamus under article 78 of the Civil Practice Act (L.… The courts below have granted petitioner permission to remove his mother’s body from a mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery to a grave in a lot nearby.… People v. Hayner Page 171 At a Trial Term of the Supreme Court held in Broome County, the defendant on February 22, 1949, was convicted of the murder of a male child of which his fourteen- *173 year-old daughter had been delivered by him early on the morning of May 17, 1948.… Loab Estates, Inc. v. Druhe Page 176 Appellant landlord challenges the validity of those provisions of the Administrative Code of the City of New *179 York which restrict the right of landlords to evict tenants from “ apartments in the city ” (Administrative Code of City of New York, § U41-7.0, subd.… Pines v. Beck Page 181 Plaintiffs and the impleaded defendant appeal from an order of the Appellate Division, First Department, which modified and, as modified, affirmed (one Justice dissenting) an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court, New York County, granting plaintiffs an accounting under a contract for the joint exploitation of… Friedman v. Handelman Page 188 On January 19, 1948, the defendant Handelman, acting for himself and the defendant Welsher, signed a contract — to which it will be convenient to refer as the January contract — by which he agreed to purchase from one Harry Lefrak a parcel of land, comprising ninety lots in the city of Long Beach, Nassau County.… This appeal, taken as of right by the Public Service Commission, requires review of a nonunanimous order of the Appellate Division, Third Department, annulling an order of the commission which fixed temporary rates for electricity supplied by the Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., within the City of New… People v. Perez Page 208 Defendant has been sentenced to death, after conviction for the murder of Vera Lotito in New York City on March 30, 1948.… People v. Allen Page 222 Sometime between 10:00 p.m. and midnight on March 20, 1947, in defendant’s small apartment in Geneva, N.… Village of Lawrence v. Greenwood Page 231 This is a condemnation proceeding incidental to the opening as a public street of Frost Lane, formerly a private way in the village of Lawrence, Nassau County.… Green v. Doniger Page 238 Upon this appeal our inquiry goes to the legal sufficiency of two of the several causes of action alleged in the complaint.… Matter of Burke v. Bromberger Page 248 Petitioner-respondent, a clerk in a New York City Magistrate's Court, was dismissed from his position by the Chief Magistrate, after a long hearing, on charges that petitioner had struck up an improper relationship with, and had assaulted, a woman whom he had met when she came to the court seeking help or advice.… Rogers v. Germano Page 251 Prior to 1932, plaintiff’s predecessor, Michael Burke, owned a right of way eight feet in width across the western end of defendants’ property, which lay between his lot and a street to the north.… The Appellate Division has reversed appellant’s judgment for damages, rendered in confirmation of an arbitra *258 tian award, upon the ground that the parties’ agreement to arbitrate did not afford the arbitrator power to assess damages.… A collective bargaining agreement between the union and the company provides for arbitration of disputes over the application or interpretation of any of its provisions.… A collective bargaining agreement between the union and the company provides for arbitration of disputes over the application or interpretation of any of its provisions.… The City of New York in 1946 instituted condemnation proceedings in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Kings County, seeking to acquire real property on the east side of Furman Street in Brooklyn.… Matter of Kleid v. Carr Bros. Page 270 Since this unwitnessed accident took place during working hours in a place where Kleid’s work commonly took him, the section 21 presumption justified the board’s finding that the accident arose out of and in the course of employment, even though Kleid’s presence at the exact spot was unexplained (Matter of Department… People v. Kunz Page 273 Defendant, a clergyman, was convicted and fined $10, after a trial before a New York City Magistrate, for violating section 435-7.0 of that City’s Administrative Code.… Ward v. Strobel Page 294 This is an action brought by one Eliza Ann Ward (hereinafter called plaintiff) for personal injuries suffered in an automobile accident in Indiana.… In November, 1946, the plaintiff, Mallory Associates Inc., leased from defendant, Barving Realty Co., Inc., *299 the Atlantic Hotel, located in Norfolk, Virginia, for a period of fifteen years.… In this tort action for damages for personal injuries suffered by the plaintiff, then a pupil in a public school, we are asked to say that the jury could properly find that it was due to the negligence of the teacher in absenting herself from the classroom.… There was evidence to support the conclusions of the Workmen’s Compensation Board, first, that the fire originated from a source separate and apart from the employee; *319 second, that, since that was so, there was no question but that the death arose out of and in the course of the employment; and, third, that the… Plaintiffs’ three-year lease of “ commercial space ” (as defined in the Commercial Rent Law, § 1; L.… In the above-entitled action of Baker v. Boord, stockholders of Macfadden Publications, Inc., a domestic corporation, assert derivatively a cause of action on its behalf for claimed misapplication of its funds and waste of its property by past directors and officers and other defendants.… In this condemnation proceeding, the City of New York has appealed from an order of the Appellate Division which modified on the law and the facts an order whereby Special Term awarded damages for two parcels of land therein designated as Damage Parcels Nos. 84 and 87.… Fogelson v. Rackfay Construction Co. Page 334 Plaintiffs are tenants, defendants landlords, of two large apartment houses situated in the westerly reaches .of the Borough and County of The Bronx, not far from Washington Bridge.… Dunning v. Dunning Page 341 The suit is on twelve promissory notes, all payable on demand, given by defendant, to plaintiff, his wife, on various dates in 1929, 1931 and 1932, the complaint further alleging that payment of all the notes was demanded in June, 1947, but that no payment was ever made.… People v. Wurzler Page 344 Defendant was convicted in 1939, in the County Court of Broome County, upon a plea of guilty, of the crime of grand larceny in the first degree.… In re the Accounting of Rathscheck Page 346 (concurring). I agree that the plain language of subdivision (b) of section 87 of the Decedent Estate Law permits us no choice but to reverse and to disallow the claim of petitioner wife.… We have presented for our consideration the construction to be given to the word “ convicted ” in section 242 of the Correction Law.… City Bank Farmers Trust Co. v. Cohen Page 361 In this action to foreclose a mortgage on real property the defendant-respondent Cohen, as mortgagor, was personally served with a summons and the amended complaint but failed to appear or answer.… Frissell v. McGoldrick Page 370 Petitioner is a professional photographer.… Gram v. Mutual Life Insurance Page 375 This is an action to recover upon two policies of insurance issued upon the life of John A.… People v. Feiner Page 391 Defendant was convicted of the offense of disorderly conduct (Penal Law, § 722) in the Court of Special Sessions of the City of Syracuse.… Rosenbluth v. Finkelstein Page 402 Although the appeal has become moot and academic, we refrain from dismissing it "because of the importance of the issue presented.… Manufacturers Trust Co. v. Ralph Page 411 Provision for the payment of fees incident to filing chattel mortgages and other specified instruments is found in section 1052-13.0 of the Administrative Code- of the City of New York.… Francis J. Emmerich died November 20, 1892.… People v. Lee Page 422 After a trial in the Supreme Court of Chautauqua County, a jury on April 3, 1947, convicted the defendant of having killed Dorothy Ware in the heat of passion, but in a cruel and unusual manner.… People v. Tassiello Page 425 1 ‘ Language which might be permitted to counsel in summing up a civil action cannot with propriety be used by a public prosecutor, who is a quasi-judicial officer, representing the People of the state, and presumed to act impartially in the interest only of justice.” (People v. Fielding, 158 N.… People ex rel. Blumke v. Foster Page 431 In this habeas corpus proceeding, Special Term dismissed the writ.… Leighton v. Roper Page 434 This appeal presents for our consideration the validity of chapter 719 of the Laws of 1945, amending section 52 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law of this State and authorizing *437service of process on, and the continuation of a pending action against, the legal representative of a deceased nonresident motorist, when the… Heinzelman v. Union News Co. Page 444 A husband’s action for loss of his wife’s services and for medical expenses incurred by reason of her injuries is, under New Jersey law, based upon a violation of his property rights and is not governed by New Jersey’s two-year Statute of Limitations (N.… There was no evidence that claimant became disabled as the result of her duties as a telephone operator.… Matter of Rager v. Heffernan Page 451 Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughban, Ch.… Matter of Aaronson v. Meisser Page 452 Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughban, Ch, J., Lewis, Conway, Desmond, .Dye, Fund and Bromley, JJ. Matter of Boschetti v. Heffernan Page 454 Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: LOUGHRAN, Ch.… Boschetti v. Heffernan Page 454 Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Lottghban, Ch.… Matter of Zucker v. Heffernan Page 456 Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughean, Ck.… In Re the Accounting of Altz Page 457 Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless the appeal is ready for argument at the November, 1949, session. People v. Brennan Page 457 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. People v. McCullough Page 458 Motion denied. Cremonin v. Wahhab, Resamny Bros. Page 459 Motion for a stay dismissed, with $10 costs.… Singer v. Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. Page 459 Motions by the Superintendent of Banks for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Bull v. Stichman Page 460 Motion for reargument or to amend remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… People v. Williams Page 460 Motion for reargument denied. *Page 461 People v. Williams Page 460 Motion for reargument denied. [See 298 N.… Motion to amend remittitur insofar as it awards costs to the respondent against the appellant denied.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the proceeding within the meaning of the Constitution. Motion by appellant for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Motions granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, on the ground that no substantial constitutional question is presented. Matter of City of New York Page 463 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, unless, within fifteen days, all papers required by rule 21 (subd.… Matter of City of New York Page 464 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, unless, within fifteen days, all papers required by rule 21 (subd.… People v. Coniglio Page 464 Motion by appellant for reargument denied.… People v. Coniglio Page 464 Motion by appellant for reargument denied.… People Ex Rel. Coppinger v. Klein Page 465 ■ Motion denied and appeal dismissed. Matter of Silberglitt v. McNamara Page 465 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… In each action: Judgment affirmed, with costs.… Mezey Motors, Inc. v. O'Dwyer Page 469 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Matter of Johnston v. Fletcher Page 470 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran Ch..… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Nastasi v. State Page 473 Judgment affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… *476 Order affirmed, with costs payable out of the estate to all parties appearing separately and filing separate briefs.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran Ch.… Order affirmed, with costs. Question certified answered in the negative.… Matter of Mallen v. Morton Page 478 Order affirmed, with costs. Question certified answered in the negative.… Matter of Hood Sons, Inc. v. Du Mond Page 480 Upon reargument: Order of Appellate Division reversed and determination of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets annulled and the Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets directed to issue the license applied for by the petitioner, with costs in this court and in the Appellate Division.… Order of Appellate Division and that of Special Term reversed and decison of New York State Labor Relations Board confirmed upon the ground that the decision of the board is supported by substantial evidence, with costs to the appellant in all courts.… Sekinger v. State Page 484 In each case, judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless within ten days from the date of this order appellant justifies the surety for her undertaking (Civ.… In each proceeding: Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Zobel v. City of New York Page 490 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Matter of 500 Fifth Avenue, Inc. Page 491 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Schwartz v. Sterling Drug Inc. Page 493 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Burger v. Neumann Page 495 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… People v. America Tieri Page 498 Motion for reargument of motion to vacate order of dismissal granted and upon reargument order of dismissal vacated and case set down for argument during the November, 1949, session. In Re the Accounting of Barry Page 498 Motion for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements to Mary E.… Motion by respondent for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Matter of Thomson Page 498 Motion for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Hyman v. Sachs Page 499 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Mullen v. Fayette Page 501 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Order of Appellate Division reversed and order of Special Term affirmed, with costs in this court and in the Appellate Division, upon the ground that the motion to vacate the award was not made in time.… People v. Porro Page 504 Judgments affirmed; no opinion. Concur: LOUGHRAN, Ch.… People v. Porro Page 504 Judgments affirmed; no opinion. [See 300 N.… People v. Davies Page 506 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Zysk v. City of New York, Roll Page 507 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… People Ex Rel. Keywell v. Chambers Page 509 Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… People v. Bruno Page 511 Judgment of conviction affirmed; no opinion.… Paikin v. Salvin Page 512 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Case v. Indian Motocycle Company Page 513 Orders affirmed, with costs. Certified questions 5, 6, 7 and 8 answered in the negative.… Matter of Smith v. Joseph Page 516 Order affirmed and order absolute ordered against appellant on the stipulation, with costs in all courts; no opinion.… Order affirmed and order absolute ordered against appellant on the stipulation, with costs in all courts; no opinion.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lottghran, Ch.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Jackson v. Elmont Cemetery, Inc. Page 526 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Weingarten v. Cohen Page 528 Order affirmed, with costs. First question certified answered in the affirmative.… Baron v. M. Lowenstein & Sons, Inc. Page 530 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… In Re the Estate of Herter Page 532 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. [See 300 N.… Neddo v. State Page 533 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… In Re the Estate of Taylor Page 535 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lottghran, Ch.… Haggerty v. State Page 537 Judgment aErmed, with costs; no opinion. C'oncur: Lotxghran, Ch.… Matter of Millman v. O'Connell Page 539 Order affirmed, with costs, on the ground that the challenged action of the liquor authority is not a matter open to review *540 within the meaning of section 121 of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Law.… Conroy v. Montgomery Ward Co., Inc. Page 540 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Mulligan v. City of New York Page 541 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… People v. Reeh Page 543 Judgment of conviction affirmed; no opinion.… People v. Kendricks Page 544 Order affirmed on the ground that an application in the nature of coram nobis is not available.… Masterson v. Solomon Page 545 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Masterson v. Solomon Page 545 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Towne v. Stukey, McCarty Page 547 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. Casolo v. Nardella Page 549 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. In Re Indus. U. Marine Shipbldg Page 549 Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless within twenty days the appellant union files a stipulation for order absolute and an undertaking, in which event motion denied. Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless within twenty days the appellant union files a stipulation for order absolute and an undertaking, in which event motion denied. Motion denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, on the ground the appeal lies as of right. Herman v. Century Indemnity Company Page 551 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. Motion granted, and appeal dismissed, unless within ten days appellant files and serves all required papers and pays $10 costs of motion, in which event motion denied.… Motion for leave to appeal, etc., dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the proceeding within the meaning of the Constitution. Matter of Molenaor v. Hecht Page 554 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. People Ex Rel. Richetsky v. Morhous Page 554 Appeal dismissed upon the ground that the case is not one ‘ ‘ where the only question involved on the appeal is the validity of a statutory provision of the state or of the United States under the constitution of the state or of the United States ” (N.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughban, Ch.… Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Watson v. La Vine Page 561 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Viro Realty Corporation v. Belmont Page 562 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Motion for reargument denied. Motion to amend the remittitur granted.… People Ex Rel. Becker v. Lyons Page 565 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. People v. Becker Page 566 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. Tauraso v. Texas Company Page 567 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. People v. America Tieri Page 569 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Order affirmed, with costs to respondents against appellants; no opinion.… Opper v. Tripp Lake Estates, Inc. Page 572 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Masterson v. City of Mechanicville Page 574 Judgments affirmed, with costs. Motion of the defendant-respondent Masterson for dismissal of the appeal denied.… Betzag v. Gulf Oil Corporation Page 576 Motion denied, without costs. Upon the hearing of the appeal the parties may reargue the question whether the decision of the Appellate Division (275 App.… Henry v. Town of Perinton Page 578 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the papers were not filed within the time fixed by subdivision 3 of section 592 of the Civil Practice Act. Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Leighton v. Jawrower Page 582 *584 Order reversed, without costs, and the matter remitted to the Municipal Court of the City of New York for further proceedings upon the authority of F.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. [See 300 N.… 500 Fifth Avenue, Inc. v. Dalsheim Page 587 *589 Judgment affirmed, with costs. [See 300 N.… People v. Fanning Page 593 The defendant’s petition does not sufficiently allege a case of fraudulent use of perjured testimony by the prosecuting attorney to warrant relief by a coram nobis proceeding.… People v. Rivera Page 594 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Oh.… Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Matter of City of New York Page 597 Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Matter of City of New York Page 600 Order affirmed, with costs 5 no opinion. Concur: Lottghran, Ch.… Hammel v. Camp Ranger, Inc. Page 602 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Webb v. Cerasoli Page 603 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Keck v. Evans Page 605 Judgment of Appellate Division reversed and that of Trial Tern affirmed, with costs in this court and in the Appellate *607 Division, upon the ground that the findings of the trial court are in accordance with the weight of the evidence.… In Re the Accounting of Altz Page 607 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Cohen v. Dana Page 608 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Utah v. Baxter Page 610 Judgment affirmed, with costs, on the ground that the easement of the city, acquired by condemnation, to change the level of Lake Mahopac, is a substantial restriction on the use of the premises contracted to be sold.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Order affirmed, with costs. Question certified answered in the affirmative.… Lynch v. Bailey Page 615 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… People v. Reynolds Page 616 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Cli.… In Re the Claim of D'Nikinov Page 618 Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… People Ex Rel. Darman v. Jackson Page 621 Motion dismissed on the ground that the order sought to be appealed from is not a final determination and no appeal can be taken therefrom to this court. Motion by appellant to amend remittitur granted.… People v. Muscolino, Civarelli Page 622 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. Motion by respondents to amend remittitur denied.… Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion. *625 Motions for leave to appeal denied on the ground that the appeals lie as of right upon a constitutional question.… Matter of Gill v. Schwartz Page 625 Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless within ten days from the date of this order appellant serves and files the undertaking on appeal and pays $10 costs, and within twenty days from the date of this order appellant files the required record on appeal, in… Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed. Nash v. Lang Page 626 Motion for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals or, in the alternative, for leave to appeal to the Appellate Division and for a stay, dismissed on the ground that this court is without jurisdiction to entertain the application. People Ex Rel. Williams v. Jackson Page 627 Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed. Zobel v. City of New York Page 628 Motion for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Montanye v. People Page 628 Motion for an order certifying a constitutional question dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, for want of jurisdiction. People v. Kosa Page 628 Motion to dismiss appeal, as not having been taken in time, denied.… People v. Porro Page 628 Motion for reargument or to amend the remittitur and for a stay denied and stay vacated.… Matter of Moschini v. O'Connell Page 630 Motion to dismiss appeal denied and case set down for argument during the first week of the February, 1950, session. Matter of Victor v. De Maziroff Page 631 Motion to dismiss appeal denied, with $10 costs. In Re the Estate of Johnson Page 631 Motion to dismiss denied, with leave to renew upon the argument of the appeal. McCarthy v. Troberg Page 632 Appeal withdrawn, without costs. Nori v. City of Yonkers Page 632 Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… 300 N.Y. 634 (1950) In the Matter of Katherine C.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… People v. Cervone Page 636 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. *637Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Peters v. Long Island Rail Road Page 638 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… 300 N.Y. 640 (1950) Ethel S. H. Paolantonio, an Infant, by William C.… Paolantonio v. Long Island Rail Road Page 640 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Astrab v. O'Connell Page 641 Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the proceeding within the meaning of the Constitution. Motion for leave to appeal denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that an appeal lies as of right. Flaks v. Fisher Millinery Corp. Page 643 Motion for leave to appeal dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. 300 N.Y. 644 (1950) In the Matter of the Probate of The Will of Frances A.… Harman v. Board of Education Page 644 Motion for reargument or to amend remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… de la Bouillerie v. de Vienne Page 644 Motion for reargument or for amendment of remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Consolidated Edison Co. v. Maltbie Page 645 Motion for reargument denied. Motion to amend the remittitur granted.… People v. Fernandez Page 646 Motion to vacate assignment of John McEim Minton, Esq., as counsel for the defendant Fernandez denied. People v. Perez Page 647 Return of remittitur requested and, when returned, it will he amended to read as follows: Judgment of conviction affirmed.… Cushman v. Wallander Page 647 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lottghran, Ch.… People v. Oddo Page 649 Order affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Wegman v. Republic Camera Corp. Page 650 On appeal by Jacob Handelsman: Order affirmed, with costs.… We find in this record evidence from which conflicting inferences might reasonably be drawn as to whether, at the time of the accident, the claimant was an employee of the New York Life Insurance Company.… Ragione v. Ragione Page 655 Judgment affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Minnier v. Minnier Page 656 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Levine v. O'Connell Page 658 Order affirmed and order absolute ordered against appellants on the stipulation, with costs; appeal taken as of right dismissed.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Adler v. Tully & Di Napoli, Inc. Page 662 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Pisciotta v. City of New York Page 664 300 N.Y. 664 (1950) Alex Pisciotta, Appellant, v. City of New York, Respondent, et al., Defendants.… Pisciotta v. City of New York Page 664 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Stein v. Pershing Square Bldg. Corp. Page 665 300 N.Y. 665 (1950) Ernst Stein, Appellant, v. Pershing Square Building Corporation, Respondent-Appellant, and Stouffers Pershing Square Inc., Impleaded Defendant-Respondent.… Judgment affirmed, with costs to impleaded respondent Stouffers Pershing Square Inc. No opinion.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lotjghban, Ch.… Weisner v. Benenson Page 669 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Kase v. Cohen Page 670 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Lake v. Vanderbilt Page 672 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the proceeding within the meaning of the Constitution. Theaman v. Hindels Page 673 Motion for leave to appeal dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. People ex rel. Schuyler v. Klein Page 674 Motion-for leave to appeal dismissed. (See Civ.… Fay v. O'Brien Page 674 Motion denied, without prejudice to a renewal thereof upon the oral argument.… People v. Davis Page 675 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. People v. De Temple Page 676 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. People v. Nikula Page 676 Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within- the meaning of the Constitution. People v. Fanning Page 677 Motion to amend remittitur denied. [See 300 N.… People v. MacKenna Page 678 Motion for reargument denied. [See 298 N.… *679Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that, the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. Mazer v. Mazer Page 679 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. Abrams v. Maryland Casualty Co. Page 679 Motion to amend remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing’ disbursements.… Motion to amend remittitur granted. Return of remittitur requested and, when returned, it will be amended to award costs in this court and in the Appellate Division to the appellant against the Workmen’s Compensation Board.… Hirschler v. BRIARCLIFF MGMT. CORP. Page 680 300 N.Y. 680 (1950) Marianne Hirschler, Appellant, v. Briarcliff Management Corp., Respondent.… 500 Fifth Avenue, Inc. v. Dalsheim Page 680 Motion for reargument denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Motion for reargument, etc., denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Motion for reargument or to amend the remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… McCreary v. Town of Thurston Page 683 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… In re Kokol Page 685 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lottghran, Ch.… Victor v. De Maziroff Page 686 300 N.Y. 686 (1950) In the Matter of Max Victor, Appellant, v. George de Maziroff et al., Respondents.… In re the Accounting of Faile Page 688 *690Order affirmed, with, costs to all parties appearing separately and filing separate briefs payable out of the estate.… Lansky v. Seeley Page 690 Judgment, insofar as it dismisses the complaint against the defendant, J.… People v. Ciliberti Page 692 Motion granted and appeal dismissed for want of jurisdiction.… Henricks v. Henricks Page 693 Motion denied, with $10 costs. Keck v. Evans Page 694 Motion for reargument and for a stay denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Pines v. Beck Page 694 Motion for order clarifying opinion denied.… People v. Friedman Page 694 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… People v. Sullivan Page 696 Judgment affirmed; no opinion. Concur: Loughran, Ch.… Jacobson v. Luzon Lumber Co., Inc. Page 697 300 N.Y. 697 (1950) Louis B. Jacobson, Respondent, v. Luzon Lumber Co., Inc., et al., Appellants.… Jacobson v. Luzon Lumber Co. Page 697 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Cowen v. Stine Page 698 300 N.Y. 698 (1950) Bernard Cowen, Appellant, v. Viola S.… Cowen v. Stine Page 698 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Jackson v. Giammarino Page 700 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Peikel v. Grace Line, Inc. Page 701 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lotjghran, Ch.… In re the Claim of Horvat Page 704 Order affirmed, without costs. Concur: Lotxghran, Ch.… Crane v. Long Island Rail Road Page 711 Judgments affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Rosenbluth v. Finkelstein Page 713 Motion to dismiss appeal denied. [See 300 N.… Brown v. Brown Page 714 *715Motion to dismiss appeal granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless appellants serve and file an undertaking on appeal and pay $10 costs within ten days, in which events motion denied. Order affirmed, with costs to the Workmen’s Compensation Board; no opinion.… People v. Perez Page 715 Motion for order pursuant to sections 503 and 504 of the Code of Criminal Procedure granted.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Judgments reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event, upon the ground that there was evidence of breach of duty by the defendant which was proper for submission to the jury.… In re the Estate of Kornacki Page 721 *722Appeal dismissed upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the proceeding within the meaning of the Constitution.… Kohn v. Bates Page 722 Order affirmed, .without costs; no opinion.… Quinlan v. Reid Page 723 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughean, Oh.… Clay v. County of Monroe Page 724 Appeal dismissed, with costs, on the ground that the appeal involves questions other than the constitutional validity of statutes.… 300 N.Y. 726 (1950) New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, Respondent, v. City of New York, Appellant, and New York State Employees' Retirement System et al., Respondents.… Judgment affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Order affirmed, without costs; no opinion.… Pinkwater v. Joseph Page 729 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lottghran, Ch.… In re Rest Right Slipper Co. Page 730 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Loughban, Ch.… Middleton v. City of New York Page 732 Judgment affirmed, with costs. , Concur: Lottghban, Ch.… Lewis v. Stevenson Page 732 Appeal dismissed upon the ground that no appealable paper appears in the record.… Motion for leave to appeal dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that an appeal lies as of right.… In re the Estate of Herter Page 737 Motion for reargumeiit denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Van Arsdale v. Fitzgerald Page 737 Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action- within the meaning of the Constitution. Eiferman v. City of New York Page 738 Motion dismissed upon the ground,that an appeal lies as of right. Palmer v. Angert Page 739 Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. People v. Sullivan Page 739 Motion for reargument or, in the alternative, to amend the remittitur denied.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. People v. Alex Page 740 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. *742Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, unless appellant,, within ten days, serves and files an undertaking on appeal and pays $10 costs, in which events motion denied. Motion for reargument and for a stay denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Latham v. Father Divine Page 742 Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of, the Constitution. Majka v. Haskell Page 743 Motion to dismiss áppeal for lack of prosecution denied.… Marcucilli v. Nichols Page 743 Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, upon the ground that the order does not finally determine the action within the meaning of the Constitution. Iscovitz v. Paletta Page 744 Reargument ordered to be heard during the session to begin May 15, 1950.… Leighton v. Jawrower Page 745 Reargument ordered to be heard during the session to begin May 15, 1950.… F. T. B. Realty Corp. v. Goodman Page 746 Reargument ordered to be heard during the session to begin May 15, 1950.… Bordo Corp. v. Witty Page 747 Reargument ordered to be heard during the session to begin May 15, 1950.… Fedon v. Continental Casualty Co. Page 748 Judgment affirmed, with costs; no opinion.… Fay v. O'Brien Page 750 Order affirmed, with costs; no opinion. Concur: Lotjghran, Ch.… Motion dismissed, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements, .… Motion for reargument or, in the alternative, to amend the remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… Motion denied, without costs, on the ground that no substantial constitutional question is presented in the appeal taken as of right pursuant to clause (a) of subdivision 1 of section 588 of the Civil Practice Act. People v. Vaccaro Page 753 Motion granted and appeal dismissed. Jacobson v. Luzon Lumber Co. Page 754 Motion for reargument or, in the alternative, to amend the remittitur denied, with $10 costs and necessary printing disbursements.… City of New Rochelle v. Stevens Page 754 Motion granted and appeal dismissed, with costs and $10 costs of motion, upon the ground that no substantial constitutional question is presented. Pisciotta v. City of New York Page 755 Motion for reargument denied. Motion to amend the remittitur granted.… Matter of Seaman Page 756 300 N.Y. 756 (1950) In the Matter of the Accounting of Olive B.… In re the Accounting of Seaman Page 756 Order affirmed, with costs to the respondent Olive Brown Seaman payable out of the estate.… People v. Daghita Page 757 Motion to dismiss appeal denied. Motion for enlargement of time granted and case set down for argument during the second week of the session to begin May 15,1950. People and organizations on PlainSite with a photograph on file, alphabetically. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
By state
AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
DC
FL
GA
GU
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
PR
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VI
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
Canada Every court, agency and venue in the state or province, with its cases. See filings as they land. PlainSite Pro shows the live feed itself, filters any court or firm's cases by venue and type, and explains filings in plain English. See what Pro includes →
Explore
Courts · Judges · Opinions · Flagged filings · Law firms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||