Laws and Regulations, Virginia Code
Title 8

• 1: §8-1 through 8-924
• 1: §8.01-1 How proceedings may be in actions pending when title takes effect
• 1.1: §8.01-1.1 References to former sections, articles and chapters of Title 8 and other titles
• 2: §8.01-2 General definitions for this title
• 3: §8.01-3 Supreme Court may prescribe rules; effective date and availability; indexed, and annotated; effect o
• 4: §8.01-4 District courts and circuit courts may prescribe certain rules
• 4.1: §8.01-4.1 How jurisdiction determined when proceeding is on penal bond
• 4.2: §8.01-4.2 Who may execute bond for obtaining writ or order
• 4.3: §8.01-4.3 Unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury; penalty
• 5: §8.01-5 Effect of nonjoinder or misjoinder; limitation on joinder of insurance company
• 6: §8.01-6 Amending pleading; relation back to original pleading
• 6.1: §8.01-6.1 Amendment of pleading changing or adding a claim or defense; relation back
• 6.2: §8.01-6.2 Amendment of pleading; relation back to original pleading; confusion in trade name
• 6.3: §8.01-6.3 Actions or suits against fiduciaries; style of the case; amendment of pleading.
• 7: §8.01-7 When court may add new parties to suit
• 8: §8.01-8 How minors may sue
• 9: §8.01-9 Guardian ad litem for persons under disability; when guardian ad litem need not be appointed for per
• 10: §8.01-10 Joinder of tenants in common
• 11: §8.01-11 Proceedings on writing binding deceased person
• 12: §8.01-12 Suit by beneficial owner when legal title in another
• 13: §8.01-13 Assignee or beneficial owner may sue in own name; certain discounts allowed
• 14: §8.01-14 Suit against assignor
• 15: §8.01-15 Suits by and against unincorporated associations or orders
• 15.1: §8.01-15.1 Anonymous plaintiff; motion for identification; factors to be considered by court
• 15.2: §8.01-15.2 Servicemembers Civil Relief Act; default judgment
• 16: §8.01-16 New parties may have continuance
• 17: §8.01-17 When party whose powers cease is defendant
• 18: §8.01-18 When suit discontinued unless revived
• 19: §8.01-19 Effect of marriage or change of name of party
• 20: §8.01-20 Effect of marriage, change of name or death on appeal
• 20.1: §8.01-20.1 Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process
• 21: §8.01-21 Judgment when death or disability occurs after verdict but before judgment
• 22: §8.01-22 When death or disability occurs as to any of several plaintiffs or defendants
• 23: §8.01-23 Decree in suit when number of parties exceeds 30 and one of them dies
• 24: §8.01-24 Writ of scire facias abolished; substitutes therefor
• 25: §8.01-25 Survival of causes of action
• 26: §8.01-26 Assignment of causes of action
• 27: §8.01-27 Civil action on note or writing promising to pay money
• 27.1: §8.01-27.1 Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks
• 27.2: §8.01-27.2 Civil recovery for giving bad check
• 27.3: §8.01-27.3 Evidence in actions regarding issuance of bad check
• 27.4: §8.01-27.4 Civil recovery for professional services
• 28: §8.01-28 When judgment to be given in action upon contract or note unless defendant appears and denies claim
• 29: §8.01-29 Procedure in actions on annuity and installment bonds, and other actions for penalties for nonperfor
• 30: §8.01-30 Procedure in actions on contracts made by several persons
• 31: §8.01-31 Accounting in equity
• 32: §8.01-32 Action on lost evidences of debt
• 33: §8.01-33 Equitable relief in certain cases
• 34: §8.01-34 When contribution among wrongdoers enforced
• 35: §8.01-35 Damages for loss of income not diminished by reimbursement
• 35.1: §8.01-35.1 Effect of release or covenant not to sue in respect to liability and contribution
• 36: §8.01-36 Joinder of action of tort to infant with action for recovery of expenses incurred thereby
• 37: §8.01-37 Recovery of lost wages in action for injuries to emancipated infant
• 37.1: §8.01-37.1 Claims for medical services provided by United States; proof of reasonable value
• 38: §8.01-38 Tort liability of hospitals
• 38.1: §8.01-38.1 Limitation on recovery of punitive damages
• 39: §8.01-39 Completion or acceptance of work not bar to action against independent contractor for personal injur
• 40: §8.01-40 Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; exemplary damages; statute of limitations
• 40.1: §8.01-40.1 Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations
• 40.2: §8.01-40.2 Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine
• 41: §8.01-41 Wrongful distraint, attachment
• 42: §8.01-42 Loss or injury to clothing in dyeing, dry cleaning, or laundering
• 42.1: §8.01-42.1 Civil action for racial, religious, or ethnic harassment, violence or vandalism
• 42.2: §8.01-42.2 Liability of guest for hotel damage
• 42.3: §8.01-42.3 Civil action for stalking
• 43: §8.01-43 Action against parent for damage to public property by minor
• 44: §8.01-44 Action against parent for damage to private property by minor
• 44.1: §8.01-44.1 Immunity from civil liability of members of certain committees, etc
• 44.2: §8.01-44.2 Action against physician for vaccine-related injury or death
• 44.3: §8.01-44.3 Divulgence of communications by qualified interpreters and communications assistants
• 44.4: §8.01-44.4 Action for shoplifting and employee theft
• 44.5: §8.01-44.5 Exemplary damages for persons injured by intoxicated drivers
• 44.6: §8.01-44.6 Action for injury to cemetery property
• 44.7: §8.01-44.7 Action for tampering with metering device and diverting service.
• 45: §8.01-45 Action for insulting words
• 46: §8.01-46 Justification and mitigation of damages
• 46.1: §8.01-46.1 Disclosure of employment-related information; presumptions; causes of action; definitions
• 47: §8.01-47 Immunity of school personnel investigating or reporting certain incidents
• 48: §8.01-48 Mitigation in actions against newspapers, etc
• 49: §8.01-49 Defamatory statements in radio and television broadcasts
• 49.1: §8.01-49.1 Liability for defamatory material on the Internet
• 50: §8.01-50 Action for death by wrongful act; how and when to be brought
• 50.1: §8.01-50.1 Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process
• 51: §8.01-51 No action when deceased has compromised claim
• 52: §8.01-52 Amount of damages
• 52.1: §8.01-52.1 Admissibility of expressions of sympathy
• 53: §8.01-53 Class and beneficiaries; when determined
• 54: §8.01-54 Judgment to distribute recovery when verdict fails to do so
• 55: §8.01-55 Compromise of claim for death by wrongful act
• 56: §8.01-56 When right of action not to determine nor action to abate
• 57: §8.01-57 Liability of railroads for injury to certain employees
• 58: §8.01-58 Contributory negligence no bar to recovery; violation of safety appliance acts
• 59: §8.01-59 Assumption of risk; violation of safety appliance acts
• 60: §8.01-60 Contracts exempting from liability void; set-off of insurance
• 61: §8.01-61 Definition of "common carrier" as used in article
• 62: §8.01-62 Action may embrace liability under both State and federal acts
• 63: §8.01-63 Liability for death or injury to guest in motor vehicle
• 64: §8.01-64 Liability for negligence of minor
• 65: §8.01-65 Defense of lack of consent of owner
• 66: §8.01-66 Recovery of damages for loss of use of vehicle
• 66.1: §8.01-66.1 Remedy for arbitrary refusal of motor vehicle insurance claim
• 66.2: §8.01-66.2 Lien against person whose negligence causes injury
• 66.3: §8.01-66.3 Lien inferior to claim of attorney or personal representative
• 66.4: §8.01-66.4 Subrogation
• 66.5: §8.01-66.5 Written notice required
• 66.6: §8.01-66.6 Liability for reasonable charges for services
• 66.7: §8.01-66.7 Hearing and disposal of claim of unreasonableness
• 66.8: §8.01-66.8 Petition to enforce lien
• 66.9: §8.01-66.9 Lien in favor of Commonwealth, its programs, institutions or departments on claim for personal injur
• 66.9:1: §8.01-66.9:1 Lien against recovery for medical treatment provided to prisoner
• 66.10: §8.01-66.10 Death claims settled by compromise or suit
• 66.11: §8.01-66.11 Necessity for settlement or judgment
• 66.12: §8.01-66.12 Term physician to include chiropractor
• 67: §8.01-67 Definitions; persons under a disability; fiduciary
• 68: §8.01-68 Jurisdiction
• 69: §8.01-69 Commencement of suit; parties
• 70: §8.01-70 , 8.01-71
• 72: §8.01-72 When death to abate such suit
• 73: §8.01-73 Guardian ad litem to be appointed
• 74: §8.01-74 Leases on behalf of persons under disability; new leases
• 75: §8.01-75 Who not to be purchaser
• 76: §8.01-76 How proceeds from disposition to be secured and applied; when same may be paid over
• 77: §8.01-77 What proceeds of sale to pass as real estate
• 78: §8.01-78 Alternate procedure for sale of real estate of person under disability
• 79: §8.01-79 Same; reference of petition to commissioner
• 80: §8.01-80 Same; action of court on report; application of proceeds of transaction
• 81: §8.01-81 Who may compel partition of land; jurisdiction; validation of certain partitions of mineral rights
• 82: §8.01-82 When shares of two or more laid off together
• 83: §8.01-83 Allotment to one or more parties, or sale, in lieu of partition
• 84: §8.01-84 Application of proceeds of sale to payment of lien
• 85: §8.01-85 Disposition of share in proceeds of person under disability
• 86: §8.01-86
• 87: §8.01-87 Validation of certain partitions prior to act of 1922
• 88: §8.01-88 Decree of partition to vest legal title
• 89: §8.01-89 When proceeds of sale deemed personal estate
• 90: §8.01-90 When name or share of parties unknown
• 91: §8.01-91 Effect of partition or sale on lessee's rights
• 92: §8.01-92 Allowance of attorneys' fees out of unrepresented shares
• 93: §8.01-93 Partition of goods, etc., by sale, if necessary
• 94: §8.01-94 When sold, leased or exchanged
• 95: §8.01-95 Procedure in such case
• 96: §8.01-96 Decree for sale; how made; bond of commissioner
• 97: §8.01-97 Delinquent taxes to be ascertained
• 98: §8.01-98 Sales of land when purchase price insufficient to pay taxes, etc
• 99: §8.01-99 Bond required of special commissioner for sale
• 100: §8.01-100 Liability of clerk for false certificate or failure to give bond
• 101: §8.01-101 Purchasers relieved of liability for purchase money paid to such commissioner
• 102: §8.01-102 Purchasers not required to see to application of purchase money
• 103: §8.01-103 Special commissioner or other person appointed to do so to receive purchase money, etc.; liability o
• 104: §8.01-104
• 105: §8.01-105 Rule against special commissioner, purchaser, etc., for judgment for amounts due
• 106: §8.01-106 How cause heard upon rule and judgment rendered
• 107: §8.01-107 Trial by jury of issues made upon rule
• 108: §8.01-108 When sureties of commissioner, purchaser, etc., proceeded against by rule
• 109: §8.01-109 Commission for selling, collecting, etc.; each piece of property to constitute separate sale
• 110: §8.01-110 Appointment of special commissioner to execute deed, etc.; effect of deed
• 111: §8.01-111 What such deed to show
• 112: §8.01-112 Reinstatement of cause to appoint special commissioner to make deed
• 113: §8.01-113 When title of purchaser at judicial sale not to be disturbed
• 114: §8.01-114 When property to be taken by officer; summary of evidence, affidavits and report to be filed
• 115: §8.01-115 Bond required as prerequisite
• 116: §8.01-116 Return of property to defendant or other claimant
• 117: §8.01-117 Exceptions to sufficiency of bonds
• 118: §8.01-118
• 119: §8.01-119 Hearing to review issuance of order or process under { 8.01-114 or to consider request for such or
• 120: §8.01-120 No verdict as to some items; omission of price or value
• 121: §8.01-121 Final judgment
• 122: §8.01-122 Charges for keeping property
• 123: §8.01-123 Recovery of damages sustained for property withheld during appeal
• 124: §8.01-124 Motion for judgment in circuit court for unlawful entry or detainer
• 125: §8.01-125 When summons returnable to circuit court; jury
• 126: §8.01-126 Summons for unlawful detainer issued by magistrate or clerk or judge of a general district court
• 127: §8.01-127 , 8.01-127.1
• 128: §8.01-128 Verdict and judgment; damages
• 129: §8.01-129 Appeal from judgment of general district court
• 130: §8.01-130 Judgment not to bar action of trespass or ejectment
• 131: §8.01-131 Action of ejectment retained; when and by whom brought
• 132: §8.01-132 What interest and right plaintiff must have
• 133: §8.01-133 Who shall be defendants; when and how landlord may defend
• 134: §8.01-134 How action commenced and prosecuted
• 135: §8.01-135 What is to be stated in motion for judgment
• 136: §8.01-136 How premises described
• 137: §8.01-137 Plaintiff to state how he claims
• 138: §8.01-138 There may be several counts and several plaintiffs
• 139: §8.01-139 What proof by plaintiff is sufficient
• 140: §8.01-140 Effect of reservation in deed; burden of proof
• 141: §8.01-141 When action by cotenants, etc., against cotenants, what plaintiff to prove
• 142: §8.01-142 Verdict when action against several defendants
• 143: §8.01-143 When there may be several judgments against defendants
• 144: §8.01-144 Recovery of part of premises claimed
• 145: §8.01-145 When possession of part not possession of whole
• 146: §8.01-146 When vendee, etc., entitled to conveyance of legal title, vendor cannot recover
• 147: §8.01-147 When mortgagee or trustee not to recover
• 148: §8.01-148 Right of defendant to resort to equity not affected
• 149: §8.01-149 Verdict when jury finds for plaintiffs or any of them
• 150: §8.01-150 Verdict when any plaintiff has no right
• 151: §8.01-151 How verdict to specify premises recovered
• 152: §8.01-152 How verdict to specify undivided interest or share
• 153: §8.01-153 Verdict to specify estate of plaintiff
• 154: §8.01-154 When right of plaintiff expires before trial, what judgment entered
• 155: §8.01-155 How judgment for plaintiff entered
• 156: §8.01-156 Authority of sheriffs, etc., to store and sell personal property removed from premises; recovery of
• 157: §8.01-157
• 158: §8.01-158 How claim of plaintiff for profits and damages assessed
• 159: §8.01-159 When court to assess damages
• 160: §8.01-160 Defendant to give notice of claim for improvements
• 161: §8.01-161 How allowed
• 162: §8.01-162 Postponement of assessment and allowance
• 163: §8.01-163 Judgment to be conclusive
• 164: §8.01-164 Recovery of mesne profits, etc., not affected
• 165: §8.01-165 Writ of right, etc., abolished
• 166: §8.01-166 How defendant may apply therefor, and have judgment suspended
• 167: §8.01-167 How damages of plaintiff assessed
• 168: §8.01-168 For what time
• 169: §8.01-169 How value of improvements determined in favor of defendant
• 170: §8.01-170 If allowance for improvements exceed damages, what to be done
• 171: §8.01-171 Verdict for balance, after offsetting damages against improvements
• 172: §8.01-172 Balance for defendant a lien on the land
• 173: §8.01-173 How tenant for life, paying for improvements, reimbursed
• 174: §8.01-174 Exception as to mortgagees and trustees
• 175: §8.01-175 When plaintiff may require his estate only to be valued; how determined; how he may elect to relinqu
• 176: §8.01-176 How payment of such value to be made by defendant; when land sold therefor
• 177: §8.01-177 When such value to be deemed real estate
• 178: §8.01-178 When and how defendant, if evicted, may recover from plaintiff amount paid
• 179: §8.01-179 Motion for judgment to establish boundary lines
• 180: §8.01-180 Parties defendant; pleadings
• 181: §8.01-181 Surveys
• 182: §8.01-182 Claims to rents, etc., not considered
• 183: §8.01-183 Recordation and effect of judgment
• 184: §8.01-184 Power to issue declaratory judgments
• 184.1: §8.01-184.1 Declaratory judgment to adjudicate constitutional nexus
• 185: §8.01-185 Venue
• 186: §8.01-186 Further relief
• 187: §8.01-187 Commissioners or condemnation jurors to determine compensation for property taken or damaged
• 188: §8.01-188 Jury trial
• 189: §8.01-189 Injunction
• 190: §8.01-190 Costs
• 191: §8.01-191 Construction of article
• 192: §8.01-192 How claims to be prosecuted
• 193: §8.01-193 Defense and hearing
• 194: §8.01-194 Jury may be impaneled; judgment
• 195: §8.01-195 No judgment to be paid without special appropriation
• 195.1: §8.01-195.1 Short title
• 195.2: §8.01-195.2 Definitions
• 195.3: §8.01-195.3 Commonwealth, transportation district or locality liable for damages in certain cases
• 195.4: §8.01-195.4 Jurisdiction of claims under this article; right to jury trial; service on Commonwealth or locality
• 195.5: §8.01-195.5 Settlement of certain cases
• 195.6: §8.01-195.6 Notice of claim
• 195.7: §8.01-195.7 Statute of limitations
• 195.8: §8.01-195.8 Release of further claims
• 195.9: §8.01-195.9 Claims evaluation program
• 195.10: §8.01-195.10 Purpose; action by the General Assembly required; definitions
• 195.11: §8.01-195.11 Compensation for wrongful incarceration
• 195.12: §8.01-195.12 Conditions for continued compensation
• 196: §8.01-196 Comptroller to institute proceedings
• 197: §8.01-197 In what name; when not to abate
• 198: §8.01-198 Action, against whom instituted
• 199: §8.01-199 Judgment, nature of
• 200: §8.01-200 Mistakes against State corrected
• 201: §8.01-201 Execution; real estate to be sold
• 202: §8.01-202 Execution, to whom issued
• 203: §8.01-203 Goods and chattels liable before real estate
• 204: §8.01-204 Notice of sale of real estate; when sale to be made
• 205: §8.01-205 How sale made
• 206: §8.01-206 Terms of sale
• 207: §8.01-207 Who to collect purchase money and make deed; disposition of proceeds of sale
• 208: §8.01-208 When successor of officer to make deed
• 209: §8.01-209 Bond for purchase money to have force of judgment
• 210: §8.01-210 Judgment against deceased obligors
• 211: §8.01-211 When venditioni exponas issued to sheriff of adjacent county; what to contain
• 212: §8.01-212 Officer to deliver to sheriff goods and chattels levied on
• 213: §8.01-213 Where same to be sold
• 214: §8.01-214 Where real estate to be sold
• 215: §8.01-215 Return of officer when sale not made because of prior encumbrance
• 216: §8.01-216 Comptroller's power to adjust old claims
• 216.1: §8.01-216.1 Citation
• 216.2: §8.01-216.2 Definitions
• 216.3: §8.01-216.3 False claims; civil penalty
• 216.4: §8.01-216.4 Attorney General; investigation, civil action
• 216.5: §8.01-216.5 Civil actions filed by private persons; Commonwealth may intervene
• 216.6: §8.01-216.6 Rights of private plaintiff and Commonwealth
• 216.7: §8.01-216.7 Award to private plaintiff
• 216.8: §8.01-216.8 Certain actions barred; relief from employment discrimination; waiver of sovereign immunity
• 216.9: §8.01-216.9 Procedure; statute of limitations
• 216.10: §8.01-216.10 Civil investigative demands; issuance; sharing information
• 216.11: §8.01-216.11 Civil investigative demands; contents and deadlines
• 216.12: §8.01-216.12 Civil investigative demands; protected material or information
• 216.13: §8.01-216.13 Civil investigative demands; service and jurisdiction
• 216.14: §8.01-216.14 Civil investigative demands; documentary material
• 216.15: §8.01-216.15 Civil investigative demands; interrogatories
• 216.16: §8.01-216.16 Civil investigative demands; oral examinations
• 216.17: §8.01-216.17 Civil investigative demands; custodian of documents; answers
• 216.18: §8.01-216.18 Civil investigative demands; judicial proceedings for noncompliance
• 216.19: §8.01-216.19 Application of the Rules of the Supreme Court
• 217: §8.01-217 How name of person may be changed
• 218: §8.01-218 Replevin abolished
• 219: §8.01-219 Effect of judgment in trover
• 220: §8.01-220 Action for alienation of affection, breach of promise, criminal conversation and seduction abolished
• 220.1: §8.01-220.1 Defense of interspousal immunity abolished as to certain causes of action arising on or after July 1
• 220.1:1: §8.01-220.1:1 Civil immunity for officers, partners, members, managers, trustees and directors of certain tax exem
• 220.1:2: §8.01-220.1:2 Civil immunity for teachers under certain circumstances
• 220.1:3: §8.01-220.1:3 Immunity for members of church, synagogue or religious body
• 220.1:4: §8.01-220.1:4 Civil immunity for officers and directors of certain nonprofit organizations
• 220.2: §8.01-220.2 Spousal liability for medical care
• 221: §8.01-221 Damages from violation of statute, remedy therefor and penalty
• 221.1: §8.01-221.1 Unestablished business damages; lost profits
• 222: §8.01-222
• 223: §8.01-223 Lack of privity no defense in certain cases
• 223.1: §8.01-223.1 Use of constitutional rights
• 223.2: §8.01-223.2 Immunity of persons at public hearing
• 224: §8.01-224 Defense of governmental immunity not available to certain persons in actions for damages from blasti
• 225: §8.01-225 Persons rendering emergency care, obstetrical services exempt from liability
• 225.01: §8.01-225.01 Certain immunity for health care providers during disasters under specific circumstances
• 225.02: §8.01-225.02 Certain liability protection for health care providers during disasters.
• 225.1: §8.01-225.1 Immunity for team physicians
• 225.2: §8.01-225.2 Immunity for those rendering emergency care to animals
• 226: §8.01-226 Duty of care to law-enforcement officers and firefighters, etc
• 226.1: §8.01-226.1 Civil immunity when participating in Lawyers Helping Lawyers
• 226.2: §8.01-226.2 Civil immunity for licensed professional engineers and licensed architects participating in rescue o
• 226.3: §8.01-226.3 Civil immunity for officers, directors and members of certain crime information-gathering organizati
• 226.4: §8.01-226.4 Civil immunity for hospice volunteers
• 226.5: §8.01-226.5 Immunity for installers and inspectors of child restraint devices
• 226.5:1: §8.01-226.5:1 Civil immunity for school board employees supervising self-administration of certain medication
• 226.5:2: §8.01-226.5:2 Immunity of hospital or rescue squad personnel for the acceptance of certain infants
• 226.6: §8.01-226.6
• 226.7: §8.01-226.7 Owner and agent compliance with residential lead-based paint notification; maintenance immunity
• 226.8: §8.01-226.8 Civil immunity for public officials and private volunteers participating in certain programs for pro
• 226.9: §8.01-226.9 Exemption from civil liability in connection with arrest or detention of person suspected of shoplif
• 226.10: §8.01-226.10 Civil immunity for causing the arrest of a person for a bad check
• 226.11: §8.01-226.11 Civil immunity for operation of victim notification program.
• 226.12: §8.01-226.12 Duty of landlord and managing agent with respect to visible mold.
• 227: §8.01-227 Remedy by motion on certain bonds given or taken by officers; notice
• 227.1: §8.01-227.1 through 8.01-227.3
• 227.4: §8.01-227.4 Definitions
• 227.5: §8.01-227.5 Persons who may bring action; persons against whom actions may be brought; damages recoverable
• 227.6: §8.01-227.6 Law-enforcement officer or agency; health care provider not liable under certain conditions
• 227.7: §8.01-227.7 Statute of limitations
• 227.8: §8.01-227.8 Definitions.
• 227.9: §8.01-227.9 Civil immunity for space flight entities.
• 227.10: §8.01-227.10 Warning required.
• 227.11: §8.01-227.11 Definitions.
• 227.12: §8.01-227.12 Warnings and other winter sports area operator requirements.
• 227.13: §8.01-227.13 Winter sports area trail maps.
• 227.14: §8.01-227.14 Freestyle terrain.
• 227.15: §8.01-227.15 Winter sports area vehicles.
• 227.16: §8.01-227.16 Passenger tramways.
• 227.17: §8.01-227.17 Duties and responsibilities of winter sports participants and certain other individuals.
• 227.18: §8.01-227.18 Helmets.
• 227.19: §8.01-227.19 Assumption of risks.
• 227.20: §8.01-227.20 Liability of winter sports area operator.
• 227.21: §8.01-227.21 Common law regarding minors.
• 227.22: §8.01-227.22 Failure to fulfill duty or responsibility not negligence per se.
• 227.23: §8.01-227.23 Applicability of article.
• 228: §8.01-228 Scope of limitations; "personal action" defined
• 229: §8.01-229 Suspension or tolling of statute of limitations; effect of disabilities; death; injunction; preventi
• 230: §8.01-230 Accrual of right of action
• 231: §8.01-231 Commonwealth not within statute of limitations
• 232: §8.01-232 Effect of promises not to plead statute
• 233: §8.01-233 When action deemed brought on counterclaim or cross-claim; when statute of limitations tolled; defen
• 234: §8.01-234 Repeal of limitation not to remove bar of statute
• 235: §8.01-235 Bar of expiration of limitation period raised only as affirmative defense in responsive pleading
• 236: §8.01-236 Limitation of entry on or action for land
• 237: §8.01-237 Effect of disabilities upon right of entry on, or action for, land
• 238: §8.01-238 To repeal grant
• 239: §8.01-239 Ground rents
• 240: §8.01-240 Liens for water, sewer, or sidewalk assessments
• 241: §8.01-241 Limitation of enforcement of deeds of trust, mortgages and liens for unpaid purchase money
• 241.1: §8.01-241.1 Permissible form for certificate
• 242: §8.01-242 Same; when no maturity date is given; credit line deeds of trust
• 243: §8.01-243 Personal action for injury to person or property generally; extension in actions for malpractice aga
• 243.1: §8.01-243.1 Actions for medical malpractice; minors
• 243.2: §8.01-243.2 Limitations of actions by confined persons; exhaustion
• 244: §8.01-244 Actions for wrongful death; limitation
• 245: §8.01-245 Limitation on actions upon the bond of any fiduciaries or as to suits against fiduciaries themselves
• 246: §8.01-246 Personal actions based on contracts
• 247: §8.01-247 When action on contract governed by the law of another state or country barred in Virginia
• 247.1: §8.01-247.1 Limitation on action for defamation, etc
• 248: §8.01-248 Personal actions for which no other limitation is specified
• 249: §8.01-249 When cause of action shall be deemed to accrue in certain personal actions
• 250: §8.01-250 Limitation on certain actions for damages arising out of defective or unsafe condition of improvemen
• 250.1: §8.01-250.1 Limitation on actions involving removal of asbestos
• 251: §8.01-251 Limitations on enforcement of judgments
• 252: §8.01-252
• 253: §8.01-253 Limitation of suits to avoid voluntary conveyances, etc
• 254: §8.01-254 Limitation on enforcement of bequests and legacies
• 255: §8.01-255 Time for presenting claim against Commonwealth
• 255.1: §8.01-255.1 Limitation of action for breach of condition subsequent or termination of determinable fee simple es
• 255.2: §8.01-255.2 Limitation on motion for new execution after loss of property sold under indemnity bond
• 256: §8.01-256 As to rights and remedies existing when this chapter takes effect
• 257: §8.01-257 Venue generally
• 258: §8.01-258 Venue not jurisdictional
• 259: §8.01-259 Application
• 260: §8.01-260 Proper venue; preferred forum in certain actions; permissible forums for other actions
• 261: §8.01-261 Category A or preferred venue
• 262: §8.01-262 Category B or permissible venue
• 262.1: §8.01-262.1 Place for bringing action under a contract related to construction
• 263: §8.01-263 Multiple parties
• 264: §8.01-264 Venue improperly laid; objection
• 265: §8.01-265 Change of venue by court
• 266: §8.01-266 Costs
• 267: §8.01-267 Discretion of judge
• 267.1: §8.01-267.1 Standards governing consolidation, etc., and transfer
• 267.2: §8.01-267.2 When actions pending in same court
• 267.3: §8.01-267.3 Consolidation and other combined proceedings
• 267.4: §8.01-267.4 Transfer
• 267.5: §8.01-267.5 Joinder and severance
• 267.6: §8.01-267.6 Separate trials; special interrogatories
• 267.7: §8.01-267.7 Later-filed actions
• 267.8: §8.01-267.8 Interlocutory appeal
• 267.9: §8.01-267.9 Effect on other law
• 268: §8.01-268 When and how docketed and indexed
• 269: §8.01-269 Dismissal or satisfaction of same
• 270: §8.01-270
• 271: §8.01-271 Compliance with Rules of Supreme Court
• 271.01: §8.01-271.01 Electronic filings in civil actions in circuit court.
• 271.1: §8.01-271.1 Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions
• 272: §8.01-272 Pleading several matters; joining tort and contract claims; separate trial in discretion of court; c
• 273: §8.01-273 Demurrer; form; grounds to be stated; amendment
• 273.1: §8.01-273.1 Motion for judgment; motion to refer; Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Act
• 274: §8.01-274 Motion to strike defensive pleading in equity and at law; exceptions abolished
• 275: §8.01-275 When action or suit not to abate for want of form; what defects not to be regarded
• 275.1: §8.01-275.1 When service of process is timely
• 276: §8.01-276 Demurrer to evidence and plea in abatement abolished; motion to strike evidence and written motion,
• 277: §8.01-277 Defective process; motion to quash; untimely service; motion to dismiss
• 277.1: §8.01-277.1 Objections to personal jurisdiction or defective process; what constitutes waiver.
• 278: §8.01-278 When plea of infancy not allowed; liability of infants for debts as traders; liability of infants on
• 279: §8.01-279 When proof is unnecessary unless affidavit filed; handwriting; ownership; partnership or incorporati
• 280: §8.01-280 Pleadings may be sworn to before clerk; affidavit of belief sufficient
• 281: §8.01-281 Pleading in alternative; separate trial on motion of party
• 282: §8.01-282 Motion to strike evidence
• 283: §8.01-283 Answer in equity proceeding
• 284: §8.01-284
• 285: §8.01-285 Definition of certain terms for purposes of this chapter; process, return, statutory agent
• 286: §8.01-286 Forms of writs
• 286.1: §8.01-286.1 Service of process; waiver, duty to save costs, request to waive, how served
• 287: §8.01-287 How process to be served
• 288: §8.01-288 Process received in time good though neither served nor accepted
• 289: §8.01-289 No service of process on Sunday; exceptions
• 290: §8.01-290 Plaintiffs required to furnish full name and last known address of defendants, etc
• 291: §8.01-291 Copies to be made
• 292: §8.01-292 To whom process directed and where executed
• 293: §8.01-293 Authorization to serve process, capias or show cause order; execute writ of possession and levy upon
• 294: §8.01-294 Sheriff to get from clerk's office process and other papers; return of papers; effect of late return
• 295: §8.01-295 Territorial limits within which sheriff may serve process in his official capacity; process appearin
• 296: §8.01-296 Manner of serving process upon natural persons
• 297: §8.01-297 Process on convict defendant
• 298: §8.01-298 How summons for witness or juror served
• 299: §8.01-299 How process served on domestic corporations generally
• 300: §8.01-300 How process served on municipal and county governments and on quasi-governmental entities
• 301: §8.01-301 How process served on foreign corporations generally
• 302: §8.01-302
• 303: §8.01-303 On whom process served when corporation operated by trustee or receiver
• 304: §8.01-304 How process served on copartner or partnership
• 305: §8.01-305 Process against unincorporated associations or orders, or unincorporated common carriers
• 306: §8.01-306 Process against unincorporated associations or orders, or unincorporated common carriers; principal
• 307: §8.01-307 Definition of terms "motor vehicle" and "nonresident" in motor vehicle and aircraft accident cas
• 308: §8.01-308 Service on Commissioner of the Department of Motor Vehicles as agent for nonresident motor vehicle o
• 309: §8.01-309 Service on Secretary of Commonwealth as agent of nonresident operator or owner of aircraft
• 310: §8.01-310 How service made on Commissioner and Secretary; appointment binding
• 311: §8.01-311 Continuance of action where service made on Commissioner or Secretary
• 312: §8.01-312 Effect of service on statutory agent; duties of such agent
• 313: §8.01-313 Specific addresses for mailing by statutory agent
• 314: §8.01-314 Service on attorney after entry of general appearance by such attorney
• 315: §8.01-315 Notice to be mailed defendant when service accepted by another
• 316: §8.01-316 Service by publication; when available
• 317: §8.01-317 What order of publication to state; how published; when publication in newspaper dispensed with
• 318: §8.01-318 Within what time after publication case tried or heard; no subsequent publication required
• 319: §8.01-319 Publication of interim notice
• 320: §8.01-320 Personal service outside of Virginia
• 321: §8.01-321 Orders of publication in proceedings to enforce liens for taxes assessed upon real estate
• 322: §8.01-322 Within what time case reheard on petition of party served by publication, and any injustice correcte
• 323: §8.01-323 In what counties city newspapers deemed published for purpose of legal advertisements
• 324: §8.01-324 Newspapers which may be used for legal notices and publications
• 325: §8.01-325 Return by person serving process
• 326: §8.01-326 Return as proof of service
• 326.1: §8.01-326.1 Service of process or notice on statutory agent; copy to be sent to defendant and certificate filed
• 327: §8.01-327 Acceptance of service of process
• 327.1: §8.01-327.1 Definition of "arrest under civil process"
• 327.2: §8.01-327.2 Who are privileged from arrest under civil process
• 328: §8.01-328 Person defined
• 328.1: §8.01-328.1 When personal jurisdiction over person may be exercised
• 329: §8.01-329 Service of process or notice; service on Secretary of Commonwealth
• 330: §8.01-330 Jurisdiction on any other basis authorized
• 331: §8.01-331 Entry of cases on current dockets
• 332: §8.01-332 Calling current docket
• 333: §8.01-333
• 334: §8.01-334
• 335: §8.01-335 Certain cases struck from dockets after certain period; reinstatement
• 336: §8.01-336 Jury trial of right; waiver of jury trial; court-ordered jury trial; trial by jury of plea in equity
• 337: §8.01-337 Who liable to serve as jurors
• 338: §8.01-338 Who disqualified
• 339: §8.01-339 No person eligible for whom request is made
• 340: §8.01-340 No person to serve who has case at that term
• 341: §8.01-341 Who are exempt from jury service
• 341.1: §8.01-341.1 Exemptions from jury service upon request
• 341.2: §8.01-341.2 Deferral or limitation of jury service for particular occupational inconvenience
• 342: §8.01-342 Restrictions on amount of jury service permitted
• 343: §8.01-343 Appointment of jury commissioners
• 344: §8.01-344 Notification of jury commissioners; their oath
• 345: §8.01-345 Lists of qualified persons to be prepared by jury commissioners; random selection process
• 346: §8.01-346 Lists to be delivered to clerk and safely kept by him; addition and removal of names
• 347: §8.01-347 How names put in jury box
• 348: §8.01-348 How names of jurors drawn from box
• 349: §8.01-349 Notations on ballots drawn; return to box; when such ballots may be drawn again
• 350: §8.01-350
• 350.1: §8.01-350.1 Selection of jurors by mechanical or electronic techniques for the term of court
• 351: §8.01-351 Preparation and disposition of list of jurors drawn
• 352: §8.01-352 Objections to irregularities in jury lists or for legal disability; effect thereof
• 353: §8.01-353 Notice to jurors; making copy of jury panel available to counsel; objection to notice
• 353.1: §8.01-353.1 Jurors to provide identification
• 354: §8.01-354 "Writ of venire facias" defined
• 355: §8.01-355 Jurors on list to be used for trial of cases during term; discharge or dispensing with attendance of
• 356: §8.01-356 Failure of juror to appear
• 357: §8.01-357 Selection of jury panel
• 358: §8.01-358 Voir dire examination of persons called as jurors
• 359: §8.01-359 Trial; numbers of jurors in civil cases; how jurors selected from panel
• 360: §8.01-360 Additional jurors when trial likely to be protracted
• 361: §8.01-361 New juror may be sworn in place of one disabled; when court may discharge jury
• 362: §8.01-362 Special juries
• 363: §8.01-363 When impartial jury cannot be obtained locally
• 364: §8.01-364 Interpleader
• 365: §8.01-365 How claim of third party tried
• 366: §8.01-366 Sale of property when no forthcoming bond is given
• 367: §8.01-367 Indemnifying bond to officer
• 368: §8.01-368 Return of such bond to clerk's office
• 369: §8.01-369 Effect of such bond
• 370: §8.01-370 Claimant may give suspending bond; proceedings to have title settled; action on indemnifying or susp
• 371: §8.01-371 How forthcoming bond taken of claimant of property the sale whereof has been suspended
• 372: §8.01-372 Sale despite bond when property perishable, etc
• 373: §8.01-373 When property sells for more than claim, how surplus paid
• 374: §8.01-374 Procedure when original papers in cause are lost
• 374.1: §8.01-374.1 Consolidation or bifurcation of issues or claims in certain cases; appeal
• 375: §8.01-375 Exclusion of witnesses in civil cases (Subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:615 derived in part fr
• 376: §8.01-376 Views by juries
• 377: §8.01-377 Remedy when variance appears between evidence and allegations
• 377.1: §8.01-377.1 Summary judgment
• 378: §8.01-378 Trial judge not to direct verdicts
• 379: §8.01-379 Argument before jury
• 379.1: §8.01-379.1 Informing jury of amounts sued for
• 379.2: §8.01-379.2 Jury instructions
• 379.3: §8.01-379.3 General verdict accompanied by answer to interrogatories
• 380: §8.01-380 Dismissal of action by nonsuit; fees and costs
• 381: §8.01-381 What jury may carry out
• 382: §8.01-382 Verdict, judgment or decree to fix period at which interest begins; final order; judgment or decree
• 383: §8.01-383 Power to grant new trial; how often
• 383.1: §8.01-383.1 Appeal when verdict reduced and accepted under protest; new trial for inadequate damages
• 384: §8.01-384 Formal exceptions to rulings or orders of court unnecessary; motion for new trial unnecessary in cer
• 384.1: §8.01-384.1 Interpreters for deaf in civil proceedings
• 384.1:1: §8.01-384.1:1 Interpreters for non-English-speaking persons in civil cases
• 384.2: §8.01-384.2 Waiver of discovery time limitations by parties
• 385: §8.01-385 Definitions
• 386: §8.01-386 Judicial notice of lawslaws (Supreme Court Rule 2:202 derived in part from this section)
• 387: §8.01-387 Notice by courts and officers of signatures of judges and Governor
• 388: §8.01-388 Judicial notice of official publications publications (Supreme Court Rule 2:203 derived from this se
• 389: §8.01-389 Judicial records as evidence; full faith and credit; recitals in deeds, deeds of trust, and mortgage
• 390: §8.01-390 Nonjudicial records as evidence (Subdivision (10)(a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:803 derived from subsec
• 390.1: §8.01-390.1 School records as evidence
• 390.2: §8.01-390.2 Reports by Chief Medical Examiner received as evidence
• 391: §8.01-391 Copies of originals as evidence (Supreme Court Rule 2:1005 derived from this section)
• 391.1: §8.01-391.1 Substitute checks as evidence (Supreme Court Rule 2:1003 derived from subsections A and B of this se
• 392: §8.01-392 When court order book or equivalent is lost or illegible, what matters may be reentered
• 393: §8.01-393 When book or paper or equivalent in clerk's office lost, destroyed, or illegible to be again recorde
• 394: §8.01-394 How contents of any such lost record, etc., proved
• 395: §8.01-395 Validating certain proceedings under { 8.01-394
• 396: §8.01-396 No person incompetent to testify by reason of interest, or because a party
• 396.1: §8.01-396.1 Competency of witness
• 397: §8.01-397 Corroboration required and evidence receivable when one party incapable of testifying (subdivision (
• 397.1: §8.01-397.1 Evidence of habit or routine practice; defined (Supreme Court Rule 2:406 derived from this section)
• 398: §8.01-398 Privileged marital communications (Subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:504 derived from this sect
• 399: §8.01-399 Communications between physicians and patients (Supreme Court Rule 2:505 derived from this section)
• 400: §8.01-400 Communications between ministers of religion and persons they counsel or advise (Supreme Court Rule
• 400.1: §8.01-400.1 Privileged communications by interpreters for the deaf (Supreme Court Rule 2:507 derived in part fro
• 400.2: §8.01-400.2 Communications between certain mental health professionals and clients (Supreme Court Rule 2:506 der
• 401: §8.01-401 How adverse party may be examined; effect of refusal to testify (subsection (b) of Supreme Court Rul
• 401.1: §8.01-401.1 Opinion testimony by experts; hearsay exception (subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:703, subsect
• 401.2: §8.01-401.2 Chiropractor as expert witness
• 401.2:1: §8.01-401.2:1 Podiatrist as an expert witness.
• 401.3: §8.01-401.3 Opinion testimony and conclusions as to facts critical to civil case resolution (Supreme Court Rule
• 402: §8.01-402 Members of Department of Motor Vehicles' Crash Investigation Team not to be required to give evidenc
• 403: §8.01-403 Witness proving adverse; contradiction; prior inconsistent statement (Subsection (c) of Supreme Cour
• 404: §8.01-404 Contradiction by prior inconsistent writing (Subdivision (b)(i) of Supreme Court Rule 2:613 derived
• 405: §8.01-405 Who may administer oath to witness
• 406: §8.01-406 Interpreters; recording testimony of deaf witness (Supreme Court Rule 2:604 derived from this sectio
• 407: §8.01-407 How summons for witness issued, and to whom directed; prior permission of court to summon certain of
• 407.1: §8.01-407.1 Identity of persons communicating anonymously over the Internet
• 408: §8.01-408 Recognizance taken upon continuance of case
• 409: §8.01-409 When court may have process for witness executed by its own officer in another county or city
• 410: §8.01-410 Inmates as witnesses in civil actions
• 411: §8.01-411 through 8.01-412.1
• 412.2: §8.01-412.2 Authorization of audio-visual deposition; official record; uses
• 412.3: §8.01-412.3 Notice of audio-visual deposition
• 412.4: §8.01-412.4 Procedure
• 412.5: §8.01-412.5 Costs
• 412.6: §8.01-412.6 Promulgation of rules for standards and guidelines
• 412.7: §8.01-412.7 Short title
• 412.8: §8.01-412.8 Short title.
• 412.9: §8.01-412.9 Definitions.
• 412.10: §8.01-412.10 Issuance of subpoena.
• 412.11: §8.01-412.11 Service of subpoena.
• 412.12: §8.01-412.12 Deposition, production, and inspection.
• 412.13: §8.01-412.13 Application to court.
• 412.14: §8.01-412.14 Uniformity of application and construction; reciprocal privileges.
• 412.15: §8.01-412.15 Application to pending actions.
• 413: §8.01-413 Certain copies of health care provider's records or papers of patient admissible; right of patient,
• 413.01: §8.01-413.01 Authenticity and reasonableness of medical bills; presumption
• 413.02: §8.01-413.02 Admissibility of written reports or records of blood alcohol tests conducted in the regular course o
• 413.1: §8.01-413.1 Certain copies of employment records or papers admissible; right of employee or his attorney to copi
• 414: §8.01-414 Affidavit prima facie evidence of nonresidence
• 415: §8.01-415 Affidavit evidence of publication
• 416: §8.01-416 Affidavit re damages to motor vehicle
• 417: §8.01-417 Copies of written statements or transcriptions of verbal statements by injured person to be delivere
• 417.1: §8.01-417.1 Use of portions of documents in evidence (Subsection (b) of Supreme Court Rule 2:106 derived from th
• 418: §8.01-418 When plea of guilty or nolo contendere or forfeiture in criminal prosecution or traffic case admissi
• 418.1: §8.01-418.1 Evidence of subsequent measures taken not admissible to prove negligence (Supreme Court Rule 2:407 d
• 418.2: §8.01-418.2 Evidence of polygraph examination inadmissible in any proceeding
• 418.3: §8.01-418.3
• 419: §8.01-419 Table of life expectancy
• 419.1: §8.01-419.1 Motor vehicle value
• 420: §8.01-420 Depositions as basis for motion for summary judgment or to strike evidence
• 420.01: §8.01-420.01 Limiting further disclosure of discoverable materials and information; protective order
• 420.1: §8.01-420.1 Abolition of common-law perpetuation of testimony
• 420.2: §8.01-420.2 Limitation on use of recorded conversations as evidence
• 420.3: §8.01-420.3 Court reporters to provide transcripts; when recording may be stopped; use of transcript as evidence
• 420.4: §8.01-420.4 Taking of depositions
• 420.5: §8.01-420.5 Estoppel effect of judicial determination of employment status
• 420.6: §8.01-420.6 Number of witnesses whose depositions may be taken
• 420.7: §8.01-420.7 Attorney-client privilege and work product protection; limitations on waiver.
• 421: §8.01-421 Payment may be pleaded; payment into court of part of claim; procedure upon such payment
• 422: §8.01-422 Pleading equitable defenses
• 423: §8.01-423 When plaintiff claims as assignee or transferee
• 424: §8.01-424 Approval of compromises on behalf of persons under a disability in suits or actions to which they ar
• 424.1: §8.01-424.1 Settlement of third-party action; deemed consent by employer
• 425: §8.01-425 How fiduciaries may compromise liabilities due to or from them
• 425.1: §8.01-425.1 Release of liability; right of rescission
• 426: §8.01-426 "Judgment" includes decree
• 427: §8.01-427 Persons entitled under decree deemed judgment creditors; execution on decree
• 427.1: §8.01-427.1
• 428: §8.01-428 Setting aside default judgments; clerical mistakes; independent actions to relieve party from judgme
• 429: §8.01-429 Action of appellate court when there might be redress under { 8.01-428
• 430: §8.01-430 When final judgment to be entered after verdict set aside
• 431: §8.01-431 Judgment or decree by confession in pending suit
• 432: §8.01-432 Confession of judgment irrespective of suit pending
• 433: §8.01-433 Setting aside judgments confessed under { 8.01-432
• 433.1: §8.01-433.1 Notice of confession of judgment provision
• 434: §8.01-434 Lien of such judgments
• 435: §8.01-435 Who may confess judgment
• 436: §8.01-436 Form of confession of judgment
• 437: §8.01-437 Endorsement of clerk thereon
• 438: §8.01-438 When judgment confessed by attorney-in-fact copy to be served on judgment debtor
• 439: §8.01-439 Filing of records by clerk
• 440: §8.01-440 Docketing and execution
• 441: §8.01-441 When judgment confessed by virtue of power of attorney invalid
• 442: §8.01-442 In joint actions on contract plaintiff, though barred as to some, may have judgment against others
• 443: §8.01-443 Joint wrongdoers; effect of judgment against one
• 444: §8.01-444 Where new parties added; if some not liable, how judgment entered
• 445: §8.01-445 Distinction between term and vacation abolished; effect of time
• 446: §8.01-446 Clerks to keep judgment dockets; what judgments to be docketed therein
• 446.1: §8.01-446.1 Clerks to keep judgment dockets; what judgments to be docketed therein
• 447: §8.01-447 Docketing of judgments and decrees of United States courts
• 448: §8.01-448 Attorney General, etc., to have judgments in favor of Commonwealth docketed
• 449: §8.01-449 How judgments are docketed
• 450: §8.01-450 How indexed
• 451: §8.01-451 Judgments to be docketed and indexed in new names of judgment debtors; how execution may thereafter
• 452: §8.01-452 Entry of assignment of judgment on judgment lien docket
• 452.1: §8.01-452.1 Disposal of exhibits in civil cases
• 453: §8.01-453 When and how payment or discharge entered on judgment docket
• 454: §8.01-454 Judgment, when paid, to be so noted by creditor
• 455: §8.01-455 Court, on motion of defendant, etc., may have payment of judgment entered
• 456: §8.01-456 Satisfaction of judgment when judgment creditor cannot be located
• 457: §8.01-457 Marking satisfied judgments for Commonwealth; payment by third parties releasing recognizances
• 458: §8.01-458 From what time judgment to be a lien on real estate; docketing revived judgment
• 459: §8.01-459 Priority of judgments
• 460: §8.01-460 Decree for support and maintenance of spouse or infant children of parties as lien on real estate
• 461: §8.01-461 Abstracts of judgments
• 462: §8.01-462 Jurisdiction of equity to enforce lien of judgment; when it may decree sale
• 463: §8.01-463 Enforcement of lien when judgment does not exceed twenty dollars
• 464: §8.01-464 Order of liability between alienees of different parts of estate
• 465: §8.01-465 Chapter embraces recognizances and bonds having force of judgment
• 465.1: §8.01-465.1 Application of chapter
• 465.2: §8.01-465.2 Filing and status of foreign judgments
• 465.3: §8.01-465.3 Notice of filing
• 465.4: §8.01-465.4 Stay of enforcement
• 465.5: §8.01-465.5 Optional procedure
• 465.6: §8.01-465.6 Title
• 465.7: §8.01-465.7 Definitions
• 465.8: §8.01-465.8 Application
• 465.9: §8.01-465.9 Enforceability of a foreign country money judgment
• 465.10: §8.01-465.10 Judgment not conclusive; not to be recognized
• 465.11: §8.01-465.11 Lack of personal jurisdiction
• 465.12: §8.01-465.12 Stay of the proceedings
• 465.13: §8.01-465.13 Situations not covered by this chapter
• 465.14: §8.01-465.14 Definitions
• 465.15: §8.01-465.15 Scope
• 465.16: §8.01-465.16 Variation by agreement
• 465.17: §8.01-465.17 Determining money of the claim
• 465.18: §8.01-465.18 Determining amount of the money of certain contract claims
• 465.19: §8.01-465.19 Asserting and defending foreign-money claim
• 465.20: §8.01-465.20 Judgments and awards on foreign-money claims; times of money conversion; form of judgment
• 465.21: §8.01-465.21 Conversions of foreign money in distribution proceeding
• 465.22: §8.01-465.22 Prejudgment and judgment interest
• 465.23: §8.01-465.23 Enforcement of foreign judgments
• 465.24: §8.01-465.24 Determining United States dollar value of foreign-money claims for limited purposes
• 465.25: §8.01-465.25 Effect of substitution of currency by issuing authority
• 466: §8.01-466 Clerk to issue fieri facias on judgment for money
• 467: §8.01-467 What writs may not issue
• 468: §8.01-468 Executions against corporations
• 469: §8.01-469 Executions on joint judgments
• 470: §8.01-470 Writs on judgments for specific property
• 471: §8.01-471 Time period for issuing writs of possession in unlawful entry and detainer; when returnable
• 472: §8.01-472 Writs on judgments for personal property
• 473: §8.01-473 Judgment for benefit of other person than plaintiff; remedies of such person
• 474: §8.01-474 What writ of fieri facias to command
• 475: §8.01-475 Subsequent executions
• 476: §8.01-476 New execution after loss of property sold under indemnifying bond
• 477: §8.01-477 When executions may be quashed; how proceedings thereon stayed
• 477.1: §8.01-477.1 Claims of exemption from execution
• 478: §8.01-478 On what property writ of fieri facias levied; when lien commences
• 479: §8.01-479 Time for enforcement
• 480: §8.01-480 Prior security interest on property levied on
• 481: §8.01-481 Territorial extent of lien
• 482: §8.01-482 If levy be on coin or currency, how accounted for
• 483: §8.01-483 Return of officer on fieri facias; statement filed therewith
• 484: §8.01-484 When writ may be destroyed
• 485: §8.01-485 When venditioni exponas may issue; proceedings thereon
• 486: §8.01-486 Procedure when officer taking property under execution dies before sale
• 487: §8.01-487 Officer to endorse on fieri facias time of receiving it
• 487.1: §8.01-487.1 Officer to leave copy of writ where levy made
• 488: §8.01-488 When several writs of fieri facias, how satisfied
• 489: §8.01-489 Growing crops, not severed, not liable to distress or levy
• 490: §8.01-490 No unreasonable distress or levy; sustenance provided for livestock; removal of property
• 491: §8.01-491 Officer may break open dwelling house and levy on property in personal possession of debtor
• 492: §8.01-492 Sale of property
• 493: §8.01-493 Adjournment of sale
• 494: §8.01-494 Resale of property if purchaser fails to comply; remedy against such purchaser
• 495: §8.01-495 When money received by officer under execution to be repaid to debtor
• 496: §8.01-496 Officer not required to go out of his jurisdiction to pay over money
• 497: §8.01-497 Suit by officer to recover estate on which fieri facias is lien
• 498: §8.01-498 Selling officers and employees not to bid or to purchase
• 499: §8.01-499 Officer receiving money to make return thereof and pay net proceeds; commission, etc
• 500: §8.01-500 Officer receiving money to notify person entitled to receive it
• 501: §8.01-501 Lien of fieri facias on estate of debtor not capable of being levied on
• 502: §8.01-502 Person paying debtor not affected by lien unless notice given
• 502.1: §8.01-502.1 Serving notice of lien on financial institution
• 503: §8.01-503 Withholding of wages or salary not required by preceding sections unless garnishment process served
• 504: §8.01-504 Penalty for service of notice of lien when no judgment exists
• 505: §8.01-505 When lien acquired on intangibles under { 8.01-501 ceases
• 506: §8.01-506 Proceedings by interrogatories to ascertain estate of debtor; summons; proviso; objections by judgme
• 506.1: §8.01-506.1 Production of book accounts or other writing compelled
• 506.2: §8.01-506.2 Proceedings in court of county or city where execution debtor resides
• 507: §8.01-507 Conveyance or delivery of property disclosed by interrogatories
• 507.1: §8.01-507.1 Interrogatories, answers, etc., to be returned to court
• 508: §8.01-508 How debtor may be arrested and held to answer
• 509: §8.01-509 Order for sale and application of debtor's estate
• 510: §8.01-510 Sale, collection and disposition of debtor's estate by officer
• 511: §8.01-511 Institution of garnishment proceedings
• 511.1: §8.01-511.1 Garnishee inability to determine whether it holds property of judgment debtor
• 512: §8.01-512 , 8.01-512.1
• 512.2: §8.01-512.2 Fee for garnishee-employers
• 512.3: §8.01-512.3 Form of garnishment summons
• 512.4: §8.01-512.4 Notice of exemptions from garnishment and lien
• 512.5: §8.01-512.5 Hearing on claim of exemption from garnishment
• 513: §8.01-513 Service upon corporation or limited liability company
• 514: §8.01-514 When garnishment summons returnable
• 515: §8.01-515 How garnishee examined; determining exemption from employee's withholding certificate; amount due pu
• 516: §8.01-516
• 516.1: §8.01-516.1 Garnishment dispositions
• 517: §8.01-517 Exemption of portion of wages; payment of excess into court
• 518: §8.01-518 When garnishee is personal representative of decedent
• 519: §8.01-519 Proceedings where garnishee fails to appear or answer, or to disclose his liability
• 520: §8.01-520 Payment, etc., by garnishee before return of summons
• 521: §8.01-521 Judgments as to costs
• 522: §8.01-522 Wages and salaries of State employees
• 523: §8.01-523 Service upon federal government
• 524: §8.01-524 Wages and salaries of city, town and county officials, clerks and employees
• 525: §8.01-525 Who are officers and employees of cities, towns and counties
• 526: §8.01-526 When forthcoming bond taken; property remains in debtor's possession
• 527: §8.01-527 If bond forfeited, where returned; its effect; clerk to endorse time of return
• 528: §8.01-528 Liability of obligors; how recovery on bond is had
• 529: §8.01-529 When bond returned, how endorsed and recorded by clerk; lien
• 530: §8.01-530 Remedy of creditor if bond quashed
• 531: §8.01-531 In what cases forthcoming bond not to be taken
• 532: §8.01-532 How bond withdrawn from clerk's office
• 533: §8.01-533 Who may sue out attachment
• 534: §8.01-534 Grounds of action for pretrial levy or seizure of attachment
• 535: §8.01-535 Jurisdiction of attachments; trial or hearing of issues
• 536: §8.01-536 Pleadings in attachment
• 537: §8.01-537 Petition for attachment; costs, fees and taxes
• 537.1: §8.01-537.1 Plaintiff to file bond
• 538: §8.01-538 Attachment of ships, boats and other vessels of more than twenty tons
• 539: §8.01-539 Who made defendants
• 540: §8.01-540 Issuance of attachment; against what attachment to issue
• 541: §8.01-541 To whom attachments directed; when and where returned
• 542: §8.01-542 Issue and execution of attachment on any day
• 543: §8.01-543 Issue of other attachments on original petition
• 544: §8.01-544 When attachment not served other attachments may issue; order of publication
• 545: §8.01-545 Amendments; formal defects
• 546: §8.01-546 What attachment to command; summons
• 546.1: §8.01-546.1 Exemption claims form
• 546.2: §8.01-546.2 Hearing on claim of exemption from levy or seizure
• 547: §8.01-547 Attachment against remainders
• 548: §8.01-548 Who may levy attachment and on what
• 549: §8.01-549 Restraining order or receiver
• 550: §8.01-550 How attachment levied
• 551: §8.01-551 When officer to take possession of property
• 552: §8.01-552
• 553: §8.01-553 Bonds for retention of property or release of attachment; revising bonds mentioned in this and { 8
• 554: §8.01-554 Where bond returned and filed; exceptions to bond
• 555: §8.01-555 When appeal bond given property to be delivered to owner
• 556: §8.01-556 Bonds may be given by any person
• 557: §8.01-557 Lien of attachment; priority of holder in due course
• 558: §8.01-558 Attachment lien on effects already in hands of officer
• 559: §8.01-559 Return by officer
• 560: §8.01-560 How interest and profits of property applied in certain cases
• 561: §8.01-561 How property to be kept; how sold, when expensive to keep or perishable
• 562: §8.01-562 Examination on oath of codefendant; order and bond
• 563: §8.01-563 Principal defendant may claim exemption
• 564: §8.01-564 Procedure when codefendant fails to appear
• 565: §8.01-565 Suggestion that codefendant has not made full disclosure
• 566: §8.01-566 Who may make defense to attachment
• 567: §8.01-567 What defense may be made to attachments
• 568: §8.01-568 Quashing attachment or rendering judgment for defendant
• 569: §8.01-569 When petition dismissed; when retained and cause tried
• 570: §8.01-570 Judgment, etc., of court when claim of plaintiff established
• 571: §8.01-571 When defendant not served fails to appear plaintiff required to give bond
• 572: §8.01-572 Sale of real estate attached
• 573: §8.01-573 How and when claims of other persons to property tried
• 574: §8.01-574 Attachments in connection with pending suits or actions
• 575: §8.01-575 Rehearing permitted when judgment rendered on publication
• 576: §8.01-576 Order of court on rehearing or new trial; restitution to defendant
• 576.1: §8.01-576.1 Election by parties; order of court
• 576.2: §8.01-576.2 Summary jury trial; selection of jury; fees
• 576.3: §8.01-576.3 Procedures; verdict not binding unless otherwise agreed
• 576.4: §8.01-576.4 Scope and definitions
• 576.5: §8.01-576.5 Referral of disputes to dispute resolution proceedings
• 576.6: §8.01-576.6 Notice and opportunity to object
• 576.7: §8.01-576.7 Costs
• 576.8: §8.01-576.8 Qualifications of neutrals; referral
• 576.9: §8.01-576.9 Standards and duties of neutrals; confidentiality; liability
• 576.10: §8.01-576.10 Confidentiality of dispute resolution proceeding
• 576.11: §8.01-576.11 Effect of written settlement agreement
• 576.12: §8.01-576.12 Vacating orders and agreements
• 577: §8.01-577 Submission of controversy; agreement to arbitrate; condition precedent to action
• 578: §8.01-578 through 8.01-580
• 581: §8.01-581 Fiduciary may submit to arbitration
• 581.01: §8.01-581.01 Validity of arbitration agreement
• 581.02: §8.01-581.02 Proceedings to compel or stay arbitration
• 581.03: §8.01-581.03 Appointment of arbitrators by court; powers of arbitrators
• 581.04: §8.01-581.04 Hearing
• 581.05: §8.01-581.05 Representation by attorney
• 581.06: §8.01-581.06 Witnesses, subpoenas, depositions
• 581.07: §8.01-581.07 Award; fees and expenses to be fixed
• 581.08: §8.01-581.08 Change of award by arbitrators
• 581.09: §8.01-581.09 Confirmation of an award
• 581.010: §8.01-581.010 Vacating an award
• 581.011: §8.01-581.011 Modification or correction of award
• 581.012: §8.01-581.012 Judgment or decree on award
• 581.013: §8.01-581.013 Applications to court
• 581.014: §8.01-581.014 Court; jurisdiction
• 581.015: §8.01-581.015 Venue
• 581.016: §8.01-581.016 Appeals
• 581.1: §8.01-581.1 Definitions
• 581.2: §8.01-581.2 Request for review by medical malpractice review panel; rescission of request; determination on requ
• 581.2:1: §8.01-581.2:1 Additional parties
• 581.3: §8.01-581.3 Composition, selection, etc., of panel
• 581.3:1: §8.01-581.3:1 Completion of discovery; hearing date; notification to parties and panel members; oath of panel memb
• 581.4: §8.01-581.4 Submission of evidence to panel; depositions and discovery; duties of chairman; access to material
• 581.4:1: §8.01-581.4:1 Assembly of record
• 581.4:2: §8.01-581.4:2 Removal of record for inspection and copying; notice
• 581.5: §8.01-581.5 When hearing to be held; notice to parties
• 581.6: §8.01-581.6 Conduct of proceedings
• 581.7: §8.01-581.7 Opinion of panel
• 581.7:1: §8.01-581.7:1 Limitation on panel opinion
• 581.8: §8.01-581.8 Admissibility of opinion as evidence; appearance of panel members as witnesses; immunity from civil
• 581.9: §8.01-581.9
• 581.10: §8.01-581.10 Per diem and expenses of panel
• 581.11: §8.01-581.11 Rules and regulations
• 581.11:1: §8.01-581.11:1 Objections not waived by participation
• 581.12: §8.01-581.12 Arbitration of medical malpractice claims
• 581.12:1: §8.01-581.12:1
• 581.12:2: §8.01-581.12:2 Article not applicable to actions arising prior to July 1, 1976
• 581.13: §8.01-581.13 Civil immunity for certain health professionals and health profession students serving as members of
• 581.14: §8.01-581.14
• 581.15: §8.01-581.15 Limitation on recovery in certain medical malpractice actions
• 581.16: §8.01-581.16 Civil immunity for members of or consultants to certain boards or committees
• 581.17: §8.01-581.17 Privileged communications of certain committees and entities
• 581.18: §8.01-581.18 Delivery of results of laboratory tests and other examinations not authorized by physician
• 581.18:1: §8.01-581.18:1 Immunity of physicians for laboratory results and examinations.
• 581.19: §8.01-581.19 Civil immunity for physicians, psychologists, podiatrists, optometrists, veterinarians, nursing home
• 581.19:1: §8.01-581.19:1 Civil immunity for persons providing information to certain committees
• 581.20: §8.01-581.20 Standard of care in proceeding before medical malpractice review panel; expert testimony; determinat
• 581.20:1: §8.01-581.20:1 Admissibility of expressions of sympathy
• 581.21: §8.01-581.21 Definitions
• 581.22: §8.01-581.22 Confidentiality; exceptions
• 581.23: §8.01-581.23 Civil immunity
• 581.24: §8.01-581.24 Standards and duties of mediators; confidentiality; liability
• 581.25: §8.01-581.25 Effect of written settlement agreement
• 581.26: §8.01-581.26 Vacating orders and agreements
• 582: §8.01-582 Appointment of general receivers; their duties; audit of funds
• 583: §8.01-583 How securities taken and kept; power of receivers over same
• 584: §8.01-584 How dividends and interest collected and invested
• 585: §8.01-585 How accounts kept by receivers
• 586: §8.01-586 Inquiry as to unknown owners of funds
• 587: §8.01-587 Liability of general receivers
• 588: §8.01-588 Bonds generally
• 588.1: §8.01-588.1 Bonds apportioned to funds under control; annual reports
• 589: §8.01-589 Compensation and fees; when none allowed
• 590: §8.01-590 Penalty for failure of duty
• 591: §8.01-591 Notice required prior to appointment of receiver
• 592: §8.01-592 Notice not required in emergencies
• 593: §8.01-593 Subsequent proceedings after emergency appointment
• 594: §8.01-594 Notice not required to parties served with process
• 595: §8.01-595 Preparation of list of creditors; notice to them
• 596: §8.01-596 No sale prior to such notification; exceptions
• 597: §8.01-597 Suits against receivers in certain cases
• 598: §8.01-598 Effect of judgment against receiver
• 599: §8.01-599 Warrant or motion for judgment against receiver in general district court, when to be tried
• 600: §8.01-600 How money under control of court deposited; record kept; liability of clerk
• 600.1: §8.01-600.1
• 601: §8.01-601 Deposit with general receiver of certain funds under supervision of fiduciary and belonging to perso
• 602: §8.01-602 Proceedings when owner of money under control of court unknown
• 603: §8.01-603
• 604: §8.01-604 How State Treasurer to keep account of such money
• 605: §8.01-605 How person entitled to money paid into state treasury may recover it
• 606: §8.01-606 Payment of small amounts to certain persons through court without intervention of fiduciary; authori
• 607: §8.01-607 Appointment and removal
• 608: §8.01-608 How accounts referred
• 609: §8.01-609 Duties; procedure generally
• 609.1: §8.01-609.1 Commissioners in chancery
• 610: §8.01-610 Weight to be given commissioner's report
• 611: §8.01-611 Notice of time and place of taking account
• 612: §8.01-612 Commissioner may summons witnesses
• 613: §8.01-613 Commissioner may ask instructions of court
• 614: §8.01-614 His power to adjourn his proceedings
• 615: §8.01-615 When cause heard on report; time for filing exceptions
• 616: §8.01-616 Delivery of original papers of suit by clerk to commissioner
• 617: §8.01-617 Settlement of accounts of special receivers and special commissioners
• 618: §8.01-618 Reports of such settlements; when new bond required
• 618.1: §8.01-618.1 Fees of special receivers and commissioners for reports
• 619: §8.01-619 Recordation of reports of such settlements
• 620: §8.01-620 General jurisdiction of circuit court to award injunctions
• 621: §8.01-621
• 622: §8.01-622 Injunction to protect plaintiff in suit for specific property
• 622.1: §8.01-622.1 Injunction against assisted suicide; damages; professional sanctions
• 623: §8.01-623 Injunction against decree subject to bill of review; limitations to bill of review
• 624: §8.01-624 Duration of temporary injunctions to be fixed therein
• 625: §8.01-625 Dissolution of injunctions
• 626: §8.01-626 When court grants or refuses injunction, justice of Supreme Court or judge of Court of Appeals may r
• 627: §8.01-627 To what clerk order for injunction directed
• 628: §8.01-628 Equity of prayer for temporary injunction to be shown by affidavit or otherwise
• 629: §8.01-629 Notice required
• 630: §8.01-630 Forthcoming bond in connection with injunction against removal of property
• 631: §8.01-631 Injunction bond
• 631.1: §8.01-631.1 Environmental injunction; financial capacity
• 632: §8.01-632 How surety in forthcoming bond may obtain additional security
• 633: §8.01-633 Damages on dissolution
• 634: §8.01-634 Dismissal of injunction bill
• 635: §8.01-635 Common-law writ of quo warranto and information in the nature of writ of quo warranto abolished; sta
• 636: §8.01-636 In what cases writ issued
• 637: §8.01-637 By whom filed; when leave granted and writ issued
• 638: §8.01-638
• 639: §8.01-639 How summons directed and served
• 640: §8.01-640 Judgment when defendant fails to appear
• 641: §8.01-641 Reopening same when made on service by publication
• 642: §8.01-642 Pleading when defendant appears
• 643: §8.01-643 Trial; verdict; judgment; costs; attorney's fee
• 644: §8.01-644 Application for mandamus or prohibition
• 644.1: §8.01-644.1 Limitations of actions for petition for mandamus
• 645: §8.01-645 What petition to state; where presented
• 646: §8.01-646 When writ awarded if no defense made
• 647: §8.01-647 Defense; how made
• 648: §8.01-648 What judgment to be rendered
• 649: §8.01-649 Proceedings when application is to Supreme Court or Court of Appeals
• 650: §8.01-650 Suspension of proceedings, where prohibition applied for
• 651: §8.01-651 Suspension of proceedings by justice of Supreme Court or judge of Court of Appeals
• 652: §8.01-652 Service of writ; how obedience enforced
• 653: §8.01-653 Mandamus to secure construction of act directing payment out of treasury of the Commonwealth
• 653.1: §8.01-653.1 Mandamus to secure construction of act granting power to incur certain obligations for transportatio
• 654: §8.01-654 When and by whom writ granted; what petition to contain
• 654.1: §8.01-654.1 Limitation on consideration of petition filed by prisoner sentenced to death
• 654.2: §8.01-654.2 Presentation of claim of mental retardation by person sentenced to death before April 29, 2003
• 655: §8.01-655 Form and contents of petition filed by prisoner
• 656: §8.01-656 Bond may be required of petitioner
• 657: §8.01-657 How directed and returnable
• 658: §8.01-658 How writ served
• 659: §8.01-659 Penalty for disobeying it
• 660: §8.01-660 When affidavits may be read
• 661: §8.01-661 Facts proved may be made part of record
• 662: §8.01-662 Judgment of court or judge trying it; payment of costs and expenses when petition denied
• 663: §8.01-663 Judgment conclusive
• 664: §8.01-664 How and when Supreme Court summoned to try appeal therefrom
• 665: §8.01-665 When execution of judgment suspended; when prisoner admitted to bail
• 666: §8.01-666 When and by whom writs of habeas corpus ad testificandum granted
• 667: §8.01-667 Transmission of records to federal court
• 668: §8.01-668 Writ de homine abolished
• 669: §8.01-669 Definitions
• 670: §8.01-670 In what cases awarded
• 670.1: §8.01-670.1 Appeal of interlocutory orders and decrees by permission
• 671: §8.01-671 Time within which petition must be presented
• 672: §8.01-672 Jurisdictional amount
• 673: §8.01-673 Inspection and return of records; certiorari when part of record is omitted; binding or retention of
• 674: §8.01-674 With whom filed; endorsement thereon; reference to justice or justices; when deemed to be filed
• 675: §8.01-675
• 675.1: §8.01-675.1 When dismissal final; when reinstated
• 675.2: §8.01-675.2 Rehearing
• 675.3: §8.01-675.3 Time within which appeal must be taken; notice
• 675.4: §8.01-675.4 Inspection and return of records; certiorari when part of record is omitted; retention of records
• 676: §8.01-676
• 676.1: §8.01-676.1 Security for appeal
• 677: §8.01-677 Errors corrected on motion instead of writ of error coram vobis
• 677.1: §8.01-677.1 Appeals filed in inappropriate appellate court
• 678: §8.01-678 For what a judgment not to be reversed
• 679: §8.01-679 Failure of trial court clerk to deliver record to appellate court
• 679.1: §8.01-679.1 Arguments made on brief not waived by oral argument
• 680: §8.01-680 When judgment of trial court not to be set aside unless plainly wrong, etc
• 681: §8.01-681 Decision of appellate court
• 682: §8.01-682 What damages awarded appellee
• 683: §8.01-683 When Clerk of Supreme Court to transmit its decisions
• 684: §8.01-684 Copies of Court's opinions to be furnished to counsel
• 685: §8.01-685 Entry of decision in lower court; issue of execution thereon
• 686: §8.01-686 , 8.01-687
• 688: §8.01-688 Order books, etc., of former district courts in custody of Clerk of Supreme Court, etc
• 689: §8.01-689 Short title
• 690: §8.01-690 Applicability provisions
• 691: §8.01-691 Payment of filing fees and costs by prisoners; when in forma pauperis status granted
• 692: §8.01-692 When in forma pauperis status denied
• 693: §8.01-693 Venue of prisoner actions
• 694: §8.01-694 Service of process; time for response
• 695: §8.01-695 When argument held; when discovery permitted
• 696: §8.01-696 Summary judgment; pro se prisoner civil action.
• 697: §8.01-697 Access to Department of Corrections records.
• 101: §8.1-101 through 8.1-208
• 101: §8.1A-101 Short titles
• 102: §8.1A-102 Scope of title
• 103: §8.1A-103 Construction of Uniform Commercial Code to promote its purposes and policies; applicability of suppl
• 104: §8.1A-104 Construction against implied repeal
• 105: §8.1A-105 Severability
• 106: §8.1A-106 Use of singular and plural; gender
• 107: §8.1A-107 Section captions
• 108: §8.1A-108 Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
• 201: §8.1A-201 General definitions
• 202: §8.1A-202 Notice; knowledge
• 203: §8.1A-203 Lease distinguished from security interest
• 204: §8.1A-204 Value
• 205: §8.1A-205 Reasonable time; seasonableness
• 206: §8.1A-206 Presumptions
• 301: §8.1A-301 Territorial applicability; parties' power to choose applicable law
• 302: §8.1A-302 Variation by agreement
• 303: §8.1A-303 Course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade
• 304: §8.1A-304 Obligation of good faith
• 305: §8.1A-305 Remedies to be liberally administered
• 306: §8.1A-306 Waiver or renunciation of claim or right after breach
• 307: §8.1A-307 Prima facie evidence by third-party documents
• 308: §8.1A-308 Performance or acceptance under reservation of rights
• 309: §8.1A-309 Option to accelerate at will
• 310: §8.1A-310 Subordinated obligations
• 101: §8.2-101 Short title
• 102: §8.2-102 Scope; certain security and other transactions excluded from this title
• 103: §8.2-103 Definitions and index of definitions
• 104: §8.2-104 Definitions: "Merchant"; "financing agency"; "between merchants."
• 105: §8.2-105 Definitions: Transferability; "goods"; "future" goods; "lot"; "commercial unit."
• 106: §8.2-106 Definitions: "Contract"; "agreement"; "contract for sale"; "sale"; "present sale"; "confo
• 107: §8.2-107 Goods to be severed from realty; recording
• 201: §8.2-201 Formal requirements; statute of frauds
• 202: §8.2-202 Final written expression; parol or extrinsic evidence
• 203: §8.2-203 Seals inoperative
• 204: §8.2-204 Formation in general
• 205: §8.2-205 Firm offers
• 206: §8.2-206 Offer and acceptance in formation of contract
• 207: §8.2-207 Additional terms in acceptance or confirmation
• 208: §8.2-208
• 209: §8.2-209 Modification, rescission and waiver
• 210: §8.2-210 Delegation of performance; assignment of rights
• 301: §8.2-301 General obligations of parties
• 302: §8.2-302 Unconscionable contract or clause
• 303: §8.2-303 Allocation or division of risks
• 304: §8.2-304 Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise
• 305: §8.2-305 Open price term
• 306: §8.2-306 Output, requirements and exclusive dealings
• 307: §8.2-307 Delivery in single lot or several lots
• 308: §8.2-308 Absence of specified place for delivery
• 309: §8.2-309 Absence of specific time provisions; notice of termination
• 310: §8.2-310 Open time for payment or running of credit; authority to ship under reservation
• 311: §8.2-311 Options and cooperation respecting performance
• 312: §8.2-312 Warranty of title and against infringement; buyer's obligation against infringement
• 313: §8.2-313 Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample
• 314: §8.2-314 Implied warranty: Merchantability; usage of trade
• 315: §8.2-315 Implied warranty: Fitness for particular purpose
• 316: §8.2-316 Exclusion or modification of warranties
• 317: §8.2-317 Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied
• 317.1: §8.2-317.1 Use of warranty registration cards
• 318: §8.2-318 When lack of privity no defense in action against manufacturer or seller of goods
• 319: §8.2-319 F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms
• 320: §8.2-320 C.I.F. and C. & F. terms
• 321: §8.2-321 C.I.F. or C. & F.: "Net landed weights"; "payment on arrival"; warranty of condition on arrival
• 322: §8.2-322 Delivery "ex-ship"
• 323: §8.2-323 Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; "Overseas."
• 324: §8.2-324 "No arrival, no sale" term
• 325: §8.2-325 "Letter of credit" term; "confirmed credit"
• 326: §8.2-326 Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors
• 327: §8.2-327 Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return
• 328: §8.2-328 Sale by auction
• 401: §8.2-401 Passing of title; reservation for security; limited application of this section
• 402: §8.2-402 Rights of seller's creditors against sold goods
• 403: §8.2-403 Power to transfer; good faith purchase of goods; "entrusting."
• 501: §8.2-501 Insurable interest in goods; manner of identification of goods
• 502: §8.2-502 Buyer's right to goods on seller's repudiation, failure to deliver, or insolvency
• 503: §8.2-503 Manner of seller's tender of delivery
• 504: §8.2-504 Shipment by seller
• 505: §8.2-505 Seller's shipment under reservation
• 506: §8.2-506 Rights of financing agency
• 507: §8.2-507 Effect of seller's tender; delivery on condition
• 508: §8.2-508 Cure by seller of improper tender or delivery; replacement
• 509: §8.2-509 Risk of loss in the absence of breach
• 510: §8.2-510 Effect of breach on risk of loss
• 511: §8.2-511 Tender of payment by buyer; payment by check
• 512: §8.2-512 Payment by buyer before inspection
• 513: §8.2-513 Buyer's right to inspection of goods
• 514: §8.2-514 When documents deliverable on acceptance; when on payment
• 515: §8.2-515 Preserving evidence of goods in dispute
• 601: §8.2-601 Buyer's rights on improper delivery
• 602: §8.2-602 Manner and effect of rightful rejection
• 603: §8.2-603 Merchant buyer's duties as to rightfully rejected goods
• 604: §8.2-604 Buyer's options as to salvage of rightfully rejected goods
• 605: §8.2-605 Waiver of buyer's objections by failure to particularize
• 606: §8.2-606 What constitutes acceptance of goods
• 607: §8.2-607 Effect of acceptance; notice of breach; burden of establishing breach after acceptance; notice of cl
• 608: §8.2-608 Revocation of acceptance in whole or in part
• 609: §8.2-609 Right to adequate assurance of performance
• 610: §8.2-610 Anticipatory repudiation
• 611: §8.2-611 Retraction of anticipatory repudiation
• 612: §8.2-612 "Installment contract"; breach
• 613: §8.2-613 Casualty to identified goods
• 614: §8.2-614 Substituted performance
• 615: §8.2-615 Excuse by failure of presupposed conditions
• 616: §8.2-616 Procedure on notice claiming excuse
• 701: §8.2-701 Remedies for breach of collateral contracts not impaired
• 702: §8.2-702 Seller's remedies on discovery of buyer's insolvency
• 703: §8.2-703 Seller's remedies in general
• 704: §8.2-704 Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goo
• 705: §8.2-705 Seller's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise
• 706: §8.2-706 Seller's resale including contract for resale
• 707: §8.2-707 "Person in the position of a seller"
• 708: §8.2-708 Seller's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation
• 709: §8.2-709 Action for the price
• 710: §8.2-710 Seller's incidental damages
• 711: §8.2-711 Buyer's remedies in general; buyer's security interest in rejected goods
• 712: §8.2-712 "Cover"; buyer's procurement of substitute goods
• 713: §8.2-713 Buyer's damages for nondelivery or repudiation
• 714: §8.2-714 Buyer's damages for breach in regard to accepted goods
• 715: §8.2-715 Buyer's incidental and consequential damages
• 716: §8.2-716 Buyer's right to specific performance or detinue
• 717: §8.2-717 Deduction of damages from the price
• 718: §8.2-718 Liquidation or limitation of damages; deposits
• 719: §8.2-719 Contractual modification or limitation of remedy
• 720: §8.2-720 Effect of "cancellation" or "rescission" on claims for antecedent breach
• 721: §8.2-721 Remedies for fraud
• 722: §8.2-722 Who can sue third parties for injury to goods
• 723: §8.2-723 Proof of market price; time and place
• 724: §8.2-724 Admissibility of market quotations (subdivision (17) of Supreme Court Rule 2:803 derived from this s
• 725: §8.2-725 Statute of limitations in contracts for sale
• 101: §8.2A-101 Short title
• 102: §8.2A-102 Scope
• 103: §8.2A-103 Definitions and index of definitions
• 104: §8.2A-104 Leases subject to other law
• 105: §8.2A-105 Territorial application of title to goods covered by certificate of title
• 106: §8.2A-106 Limitation on power of parties to consumer lease to choose applicable law and judicial forum
• 107: §8.2A-107 Waiver or renunciation of claim or right after default
• 108: §8.2A-108 Unconscionability
• 109: §8.2A-109 Option to accelerate at will
• 201: §8.2A-201 Statute of Frauds
• 202: §8.2A-202 Final written expression: parol or extrinsic evidence
• 203: §8.2A-203 Seals inoperative
• 204: §8.2A-204 Formation in general
• 205: §8.2A-205 Firm offers
• 206: §8.2A-206 Offer and acceptance in formation of lease contract
• 207: §8.2A-207
• 208: §8.2A-208 Modification, rescission and waiver
• 209: §8.2A-209 Lessee under finance lease as beneficiary of supply contract
• 210: §8.2A-210 Express warranties
• 211: §8.2A-211 Warranties against interference and against infringement; lessee's obligation against infringement
• 212: §8.2A-212 Implied warranty of merchantability
• 213: §8.2A-213 Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose
• 214: §8.2A-214 Exclusion or modification of warranties
• 215: §8.2A-215 Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied
• 216: §8.2A-216 Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties
• 217: §8.2A-217 Identification
• 218: §8.2A-218 Insurance and proceeds
• 219: §8.2A-219 Risk of loss
• 220: §8.2A-220 Effect of default on risk of loss
• 221: §8.2A-221 Casualty to identified goods
• 301: §8.2A-301 Enforceability of lease contract
• 302: §8.2A-302 Title to and possession of goods
• 303: §8.2A-303 Alienability of party's interest under lease contract or of lessor's residual interest in goods; del
• 304: §8.2A-304 Subsequent lease of goods by lessor
• 305: §8.2A-305 Sale or sublease of goods by lessee
• 306: §8.2A-306 Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law
• 307: §8.2A-307 Priority of liens arising by attachment or levy on, security interests in, and other claims to goods
• 308: §8.2A-308 Special rights of creditors
• 309: §8.2A-309 Lessor's and lessee's rights when goods become fixtures
• 310: §8.2A-310 Lessor's and lessee's rights when goods become accessions
• 311: §8.2A-311 Priority subject to subordination
• 401: §8.2A-401 Insecurity: adequate assurance of performance
• 402: §8.2A-402 Anticipatory repudiation
• 403: §8.2A-403 Retraction of anticipatory repudiation
• 404: §8.2A-404 Substituted performance
• 405: §8.2A-405 Excused performance
• 406: §8.2A-406 Procedure on excused performance
• 407: §8.2A-407 Irrevocable promises: finance leases
• 501: §8.2A-501 Default; procedure
• 502: §8.2A-502 Notice after default
• 503: §8.2A-503 Modification or impairment of rights and remedies
• 504: §8.2A-504 Liquidation of damages
• 505: §8.2A-505 Cancellation and termination and effect of cancellation, termination, rescission, or fraud on rights
• 506: §8.2A-506 Statute of limitation
• 507: §8.2A-507 Proof of market rent; time and place
• 508: §8.2A-508 Lessee's remedies
• 509: §8.2A-509 Lessee's rights on improper delivery; rightful rejection
• 510: §8.2A-510 Installment lease contracts; rejection and default
• 511: §8.2A-511 Merchant lessee's duties as to rightfully rejected goods
• 512: §8.2A-512 Lessee's duties as to rightfully rejected goods
• 513: §8.2A-513 Cure by lessor of improper tender or delivery; replacement
• 514: §8.2A-514 Waiver of lessee's objections
• 515: §8.2A-515 Acceptance of goods
• 516: §8.2A-516 Effect of acceptance of goods; notice of default; burden of establishing default after acceptance; n
• 517: §8.2A-517 Revocation of acceptance of goods
• 518: §8.2A-518 Cover; substitute goods
• 519: §8.2A-519 Lessee's damages for nondelivery, repudiation, default, and breach of warranty in regard to accepted
• 520: §8.2A-520 Lessee's incidental and consequential damages
• 521: §8.2A-521 Lessee's right to specific performance or other similar rights
• 522: §8.2A-522 Lessee's right to goods on lessor's insolvency
• 523: §8.2A-523 Lessor's remedies
• 524: §8.2A-524 Lessor's right to identify goods to lease contract
• 525: §8.2A-525 Lessor's right to possession of goods
• 526: §8.2A-526 Lessor's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise
• 527: §8.2A-527 Lessor's rights to dispose of goods
• 528: §8.2A-528 Lessor's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation
• 529: §8.2A-529 Lessor's action for the rent
• 530: §8.2A-530 Lessor's incidental damages
• 531: §8.2A-531 Standing to sue third parties for injury to goods
• 532: §8.2A-532 Lessor's rights to residual interest
• 101: §8.3-101 through 8.3-805
• 101: §8.3A-101 Short title
• 102: §8.3A-102 Subject matter
• 103: §8.3A-103 Definitions
• 104: §8.3A-104 Negotiable instrument
• 105: §8.3A-105 Issue of instrument
• 106: §8.3A-106 Unconditional promise or order
• 107: §8.3A-107 Instrument payable in foreign money
• 108: §8.3A-108 Payable on demand or at definite time
• 109: §8.3A-109 Payable to bearer or to order
• 110: §8.3A-110 Identification of person to whom instrument is payable
• 111: §8.3A-111 Place of payment
• 112: §8.3A-112 Interest
• 113: §8.3A-113 Date of instrument
• 114: §8.3A-114 Contradictory terms of instrument
• 115: §8.3A-115 Incomplete instrument
• 116: §8.3A-116 Joint and several liability; contribution
• 117: §8.3A-117 Other agreements affecting instrument
• 118: §8.3A-118 Statute of limitations
• 118.1: §8.3A-118.1 Statute of limitations on deposit accounts and certificates of deposit
• 119: §8.3A-119 Notice of right to defend action
• 201: §8.3A-201 Negotiation
• 202: §8.3A-202 Negotiation subject to rescission
• 203: §8.3A-203 Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer
• 204: §8.3A-204 Endorsement
• 205: §8.3A-205 Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement
• 206: §8.3A-206 Restrictive endorsement
• 207: §8.3A-207 Reacquisition
• 301: §8.3A-301 Person entitled to enforce instrument
• 302: §8.3A-302 Holder in due course
• 303: §8.3A-303 Value and consideration
• 304: §8.3A-304 Overdue instrument
• 305: §8.3A-305 Defenses and claims in recoupment
• 306: §8.3A-306 Claims to an instrument
• 307: §8.3A-307 Notice of breach of fiduciary duty
• 308: §8.3A-308 Proof of signatures and status as holder in due course
• 309: §8.3A-309 Enforcement of lost, destroyed, or stolen instrument
• 310: §8.3A-310 Effect of instrument on obligation for which taken
• 311: §8.3A-311 Accord and satisfaction by use of instrument
• 312: §8.3A-312 Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check
• 401: §8.3A-401 Signature
• 402: §8.3A-402 Signature by representative
• 403: §8.3A-403 Unauthorized signature
• 404: §8.3A-404 Impostors; fictitious payees
• 405: §8.3A-405 Employer's responsibility for fraudulent endorsement by employee
• 406: §8.3A-406 Negligence contributing to forged signature or alteration of instrument
• 407: §8.3A-407 Alteration
• 408: §8.3A-408 Drawee not liable on unaccepted draft
• 409: §8.3A-409 Acceptance of draft; certified check
• 410: §8.3A-410 Acceptance varying draft
• 411: §8.3A-411 Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks
• 412: §8.3A-412 Obligation of issuer of note or cashier's check
• 413: §8.3A-413 Obligation of acceptor
• 414: §8.3A-414 Obligation of drawer
• 415: §8.3A-415 Obligation of endorser
• 416: §8.3A-416 Transfer warranties
• 417: §8.3A-417 Presentment warranties
• 418: §8.3A-418 Payment or acceptance by mistake
• 419: §8.3A-419 Instruments signed for accommodation
• 420: §8.3A-420 Conversion of instrument
• 501: §8.3A-501 Presentment
• 502: §8.3A-502 Dishonor
• 503: §8.3A-503 Notice of dishonor
• 504: §8.3A-504 Excused presentment and notice of dishonor
• 505: §8.3A-505 Evidence of dishonor
• 601: §8.3A-601 Discharge and effect of discharge
• 602: §8.3A-602 Payment
• 603: §8.3A-603 Tender of payment
• 604: §8.3A-604 Discharge by cancellation or renunciation
• 605: §8.3A-605 Discharge of endorsers and accommodation parties
• 101: §8.4-101 Short title
• 102: §8.4-102 Applicability
• 103: §8.4-103 Variation by agreement; measure of damages; action constituting ordinary care
• 104: §8.4-104 Definitions and index of definitions
• 105: §8.4-105 "Bank"; "depositary bank"; "intermediary bank"; "collecting bank"; "payor bank"; "present
• 105.1: §8.4-105.1 Payable through or payable at bank; collecting bank
• 106: §8.4-106 Separate office of a bank
• 107: §8.4-107 Time of receipt of items
• 108: §8.4-108 Delays
• 109: §8.4-109
• 110: §8.4-110 Electronic presentment
• 111: §8.4-111 Statute of limitations
• 201: §8.4-201 Status of collecting bank as agent and provisional status of credits; applicability of title; item e
• 202: §8.4-202 Responsibility for collection or return; when action timely
• 203: §8.4-203 Effect of instructions
• 204: §8.4-204 Methods of sending and presenting; sending directly to payor bank
• 205: §8.4-205
• 205.1: §8.4-205.1 Depositary bank holder of unendorsed item
• 206: §8.4-206 Transfer between banks
• 207: §8.4-207
• 207.1: §8.4-207.1 Transfer warranties
• 207.2: §8.4-207.2 Presentment warranties
• 207.3: §8.4-207.3 Encoding and retention warranties
• 208: §8.4-208 Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds
• 209: §8.4-209 When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course
• 210: §8.4-210 Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through or at a bank; liability of drawer or endorser
• 211: §8.4-211
• 211.1: §8.4-211.1 Medium and time of settlement by bank
• 212: §8.4-212 Right of charge-back or refund; liability of collecting banks; return of item
• 213: §8.4-213 Final payment of item by payor bank; when provisional debits and credits become final; when certain
• 214: §8.4-214 Insolvency and preference
• 301: §8.4-301 Deferred posting; recovery of payment by return of items; time of dishonor; return of items by payor
• 302: §8.4-302 Payor bank's responsibility for late return of item
• 303: §8.4-303 When items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process or setoff; order in which items may
• 401: §8.4-401 When bank may charge customer's account
• 402: §8.4-402 Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account
• 403: §8.4-403 Customer's right to stop payment; burden of proof of loss
• 404: §8.4-404 Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old
• 405: §8.4-405 Death or incompetence of customer
• 406: §8.4-406 Customer's duty to discover and report unauthorized signature or alteration
• 407: §8.4-407 Payor bank's right to subrogation on improper payment
• 501: §8.4-501 Handling of documentary drafts; duty to send for presentment and to notify customer of dishonor
• 502: §8.4-502 Presentment of "on arrival" drafts
• 503: §8.4-503 Responsibility of presenting bank for documents and goods; report of reasons for dishonor; referee i
• 504: §8.4-504 Privilege of presenting bank to deal with goods; security interest for expenses
• 101: §8.4A-101 Short title
• 102: §8.4A-102 Subject matter
• 103: §8.4A-103 Definitions: "Payment order"; "Beneficiary"; "Beneficiary's bank"; "Receiving bank"; "Sende
• 104: §8.4A-104 Definitions:^"Funds transfer"; "Intermediary bank"; "Originator"; "Originator's bank."
• 105: §8.4A-105 Other definitions
• 106: §8.4A-106 Time payment order is received
• 107: §8.4A-107 Federal Reserve regulations and operating circulars
• 108: §8.4A-108 Exclusion of consumer transactions governed by federal law
• 201: §8.4A-201 Security procedure
• 202: §8.4A-202 Authorized and verified payment orders
• 203: §8.4A-203 Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders
• 204: §8.4A-204 Refund of payment and duty of customer to report with respect to unauthorized payment order
• 205: §8.4A-205 Erroneous payment orders
• 206: §8.4A-206 Transmission of payment order through funds-transfer or other communication system
• 207: §8.4A-207 Misdescription of beneficiary
• 208: §8.4A-208 Misdescription of intermediary bank or beneficiary's bank
• 209: §8.4A-209 Acceptance of payment order
• 210: §8.4A-210 Rejection of payment order
• 211: §8.4A-211 Cancellation and amendment of payment order
• 212: §8.4A-212 Liability and duty of receiving bank regarding unaccepted payment order
• 301: §8.4A-301 Execution and execution date
• 302: §8.4A-302 Obligations of receiving bank in execution of payment order
• 303: §8.4A-303 Erroneous execution of payment order
• 304: §8.4A-304 Duty of sender to report erroneously executed payment order
• 305: §8.4A-305 Liability for late or improper execution or failure to execute payment order
• 401: §8.4A-401 Payment date
• 402: §8.4A-402 Obligation of sender to pay receiving bank
• 403: §8.4A-403 Payment by sender to receiving bank
• 404: §8.4A-404 Obligation of beneficiary's bank to pay and give notice to beneficiary
• 405: §8.4A-405 Payment by beneficiary's bank to beneficiary
• 406: §8.4A-406 Payment by originator to beneficiary; discharge of underlying obligation
• 501: §8.4A-501 Variation by agreement and effect of funds-transfer system rule
• 502: §8.4A-502 Creditor process served on receiving bank; setoff by beneficiary's bank
• 503: §8.4A-503 Injunction or restraining order with respect to funds transfer
• 504: §8.4A-504 Order in which items and payment orders may be charged to account; order of withdrawals from account
• 505: §8.4A-505 Preclusion of objection to debit of customer's account
• 506: §8.4A-506 Rate of interest
• 507: §8.4A-507 Choice of law
• 101: §8.10-101 Effective date
• 102: §8.10-102 Provision for transition
• 103: §8.10-103 General repealer
• 104: §8.10-104 Laws not repealed
• 101: §8.11-101 Effective date
• 102: §8.11-102 Preservation of old transition provision
• 103: §8.11-103 Transition to this act; general rule
• 104: §8.11-104 Transition provision on change of requirement of filing
• 105: §8.11-105 Transition provision on change of place of filing
• 106: §8.11-106 Required refilings
• 107: §8.11-107 Transition provisions as to priorities
• 108: §8.11-108 Presumption that rule of law continues unchanged